广东肇庆地区药材金线莲种质资源调查与生态生物学特性研究

Germplasm Investigation and Ecological Biology Characteristics of Medicinal Herb Anoectochilus roxburghii in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

为了解粤中药材金线莲[Anoectochilus roxburghii（Wall.） Lindl.]种质资源的分布情况，对肇庆地区金线莲的生态生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明，肇庆地区金线莲属植物有金线莲和银线兰两近缘种，均处于濒危状态，通常以红叶株型金线莲入药。金线莲为典型的浅根性和中阴性地生兰，种群的适生坡度>45°，郁闭度为60%~80%，常见于西南方位常绿阔叶林下，适生温度为12℃~26℃，空气湿度、群落植被结构和土壤腐殖质成分等共同影响自然种群的生长。同时对药材金线莲的濒危原因进行了分析，并提出保护对策。

Abstract:

To understand the distribution of medicinal herb Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. in central Guangdong, the ecological-biological characteristics of A. roxburghii in Zhaoqing area were studied. The results showed that there were two wild relatives of Anoectochilus distributed in Zhaoqing, A. roxburghii and A. formosanus, which were rare and endangered, usually A. roxburghii with red leaves as medicine. Anoectochilus roxburghii is typical shallow-root and mid-shade terrestial orchid, growing under southwestern evergreen broad-leaved forest at suitable slope > 45°and canopy density of 60%-80%, with suitable temperature of 12℃-26℃. The development of A. roxburghii population was affected by ecological factors together, such as air humidity, community structure and soil humus composition. The endangered reasons of medicinal herb A. roxburghii were analyzed, and the protection measures were proposed.