澳门黑沙水库植物群落与主要种类物候特征研究

Studies on Plant Community and Phenological Characteristics of Hac Sa Reservior in Macau

摘要:

为探讨澳门路环黑沙水库植物群落与物候特征，采用群落生态学的方法，研究了黑沙水库植物群落种类组成、空间结构、多样性及重点植物物候期。结果表明，在1200 m²样地中有维管植物88种，隶属于47科80属。乔灌层无明显优势树种，草本层中淡竹叶（Lophatherum gracile）具有较显著优势，各层植物分布均匀程度差异小。群落外貌终年常绿，大部分种类各物候期存在重叠现象，萌芽展叶期持续时间长，开花期集中在5-6月，果熟期10-12月最盛。根据乡土植物群落和物候特征，筛选并推荐在澳门及邻近区域可开发的景观植物，为构建生态价值高的植被景观或植被恢复提供参考。

Abstract:

To understand the characteristics of plant community near to Hac Sa Reservior in Macau, the species composition, spatial structure, diversity and plant phenology of the community were studied by field investigation. The results showed that there were 88 species vascular plants, belonging to 47 families and 80 genera in 1200 m² plot. There were no donimant species in tree and shrub layers, the dominant species in herb layer was Lophatherum gracile and interlayer species were rich. The horizontal distribution of species was even. The physiognomy of the community was evergreen throughout the year. The phenology phases of most species had overlapping phenomenon. The duration of leaf spreading phase was long. The flowering focused from May to June and fruit ripening stage from October to November. Therefore, based on community and phenological characteristics of indigenous plants, some ornamental plants were selected for promoting landscape and ecological values as well as ecological restoration in Macau and neighboring areas.