胡椒木叶片精油成分分析及其抗氧化、驱虫、抗菌活性

Components of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum piperitum Leaves and Its Capacities of Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Bacteriostasis

摘要:

为解决在城市绿化中滥用化学农药引起的生态问题,研究了胡椒木(Zanthoxylum piperitum)叶片的精油成分及其驱虫、杀虫、杀菌活性。结果表明, 采用石油醚萃取胡椒木叶片精油的最佳工艺条件为提取时间4 h、温度50℃、料液比1:5,得率最高为0.5123%。从胡椒木叶片精油中共鉴定出25个化学成分,主要为酯类、烃类和醇类,占总峰面积的99.96%,而具有驱虫、杀虫和抗菌活性的成分占88.50%,包括肉桂酸甲酯(87.83%)、柠檬烯(0.18%)、薄荷醇(0.11%)、香茅醛(0.10%)、α-蒎烯(0.08%)、α-石竹烯(0.08%)、松油醇(0.04%)、石竹烯(0.03%)、羟基大牻牛儿-1(10),5-二烯(0.03%)和β-水芹烯(0.02%)等。20 mg mL^-1的精油对DPPH·自由基的清除率达85.38%,接近BHT阳性对照;但还原性低于Vc,表现出较弱活性,这可能与提取工艺有关。因此,胡椒木叶精油含有多种驱虫、杀虫、抗菌等生物活性成分,具有开发为天然植物农药的潜力。

Abstract:

In order to resolve a series of ecological problem caused by abuse of chemical pesticides in urban greening, the composition of essential oils from Zanthoxylum piperitum leaves were analyzed, and their insecticidal and antibacterial effects were studied. The results showed that the optimum process of petroleum ether extraction for essential oils was 4 h, 50℃, with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5, and the highest yield was 0.5123%. Twenty five compounds dominated by hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters were identified, accounting for 99.96% of total peak area. Among them, the components with anthelmintic, insecticidal and antibacterial activity accounted for 88.50%, such as methyl cinnamate (87.83%), limonene (0.18%), menthol (0.11%), citronellal (0.10%), α-pinene (0.08%), α-caryophyllene (0.08%), terpineol (0.04%), caryophyllene (0.03%), hydroxygermacra-1(10),5-diene (0.03%) and β-phellandrene (0.02%), et al. The DPPH· scavenging rate treated by 20 mg mL^-1 essential oils was 85.38% closed to the BHT positive control, but its reductibility was weaker than that of Vc, which might be associated with extraction process. Therefore, the essential oils of Z. piperitum leaves contained many kinds of bioactive substances, such as insecticide, insecticidal and antibacterial, it had development potential for nature plant pesticides.