武陵山区黄花蒿生长发育规律研究

Studies on Growth and Development of Artemisia annua L. in Wuling Mountain Area

摘要:

为了解武陵山区黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)的生长特性,对其生长发育规律进行了研究。结果表明,黄花蒿的生长发育可划分为苗期、分枝初期、分枝盛期、蕾期、花期、种子成熟期。叶面积在分枝盛期增长最快,叶面积指数随着枝叶的生长呈直线上升。种子成熟期叶面积比呈总体降低的趋势。净同化率变化较小,分别在苗期和花期出现了两个小高峰。相对生长率变化较大,作物生长率在苗期和种子成熟期较低,分枝盛期较高。整个生长期干物质积累规律呈S曲线。6月下旬至8月下旬,黄花蒿生长进入分枝盛期,干物质积累速率加快,叶片产量迅速增加,此时期是黄花蒿叶片增产的关键时期,应注重氮磷钾肥的平衡施用。

Abstract:

In order to understand the growth characteristics of Artemisia annua in Wuling Mountain area, the growth and development law were studied. The results showed that the development of A. annua could be divided into six stages, including seedling stage, early branch stage, branching stage, bud stage, blooming stage and seed maturity stage. The leaf area increased most rapidly at branching stage, and the leaf area index had linear ascending with the growth of branches and leaves. Leaf area ratio overall decreased at seed maturity stage. The net assimilation rate changed slightly, which there were two small peaks at seedling and blooming stages, respectively. The relative growth rate changed greatly, crop growth rate was small at seedling and seed maturity stages, and high at branching stage. The rule of dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period appears “S” curve. During late June to late August, A. annua growth was at branching stage, dry matter accumulation rate and yield of leaves increased rapidly, so that this period was the key time of increasing yield of A. annua leaves, it should pay attention to balanced application of NPK fertilizers.