4种石斛属植物花朵挥发性成分分析

Volatile Components in Flowers of Four Dendrobium Species

摘要:

为了解石斛属植物花朵中的挥发性成分, 利用固相微萃取(SPME)方法结合GC-MS 技术测定了鼓槌石斛、罗河石斛、细叶石斛和密花石斛盛花期的花朵挥发性成分及其相对含量。结果表明, 从4 种石斛属植物花朵中共鉴定出挥发性成分57 种, 包括酯类、萜烯类、醇类、烷类、醛类、酮类、醌类、芳香族和含氮化合物。4 种石斛花朵挥发性成分的组成和含量差异明显。鼓槌石斛和细叶石斛的主要香气成分是3-蒈烯, 相对含量分别为84.606% 和71.251%。罗河石斛挥发性成分中水杨酸甲酯相对含量最高(57.449%), 其次为D-柠檬烯(22.416%)。密花石斛花朵主要挥发性成分是2-亚甲基-4,8,8-三甲基-4-乙烯基-双环[5.2.0]壬烷(82.013%), 其次为α-法尼烯(4.699%)。这些对于香型石斛兰品种的培育和兰花精油产品开发提供了参考。

关键词:石斛属;花朵;挥发性成分;GC-MS 组成

Abstract:

In order to understand the volatiles in flowers of Dendrobium, the constituents and relative contents in flowers of D. chrysotoxum Lindl., D. lohohense T. Tang & F. T. Wang, D. hancockii Rolfe, and D. densiflorum Lindl. were determined by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that there were 57 volatile compounds identified in four species, including esters, terpenes, alcohols, alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, quinines, aromatics, nitrogenous compounds. The composition and contents of volatiles in flowers were significantly different among four Dendrobium species. The main aromatic constituents were 3-carene in D. chrysotoxum with relative content of 84.606% and D. hancockii (71.251%); methyl salicylate (57.449%) and D-limonene (22.416%) in D. lohohense; 2-methylene-4,8,8-trimethyl- 4-vinyl-bicyclo[5.2.0]nonane (82.013%) and α-farnesene (4.699%) in D. densiflorum. Thus, these would provide references for aromatic cultivar breeding and essential oil product development of Dendrobium.

Key words:Dendrobium;Flower;Volatile component;GC-MS