禾本科燕麦属植物的地理分布

Geographical Distribution of Avena L. (Poaceae)

摘要:

为探讨燕麦属(Avena L.)植物的地理分布,通过野外调查及查阅标本和文献资料,对燕麦属植物的地理分布进行整理和研究。结果表明,燕麦属植物约有29 种,主要分布在欧洲、地中海地区、北非、西亚、东亚和美洲。中国有4 种,分布于华北、西北、西南各省(区)的高海拔地区。燕麦属下分7 个组,分别是多年生燕麦组[sect. Avenotrichon (Holub) Baum]、偏凸燕麦组(sect. Ventricosa Baum)、耕地燕麦组(sect. Agraria Baum)、软果燕麦组(sect. Tenuicarpa Baum)、埃塞俄比亚燕麦组(sect. Ethiopica Baum)、厚果燕麦组(sect. Pachycarpa Baum)和真燕麦组(sect. Avena)。其中,埃塞俄比亚燕麦组分布在埃塞俄比亚、沙特阿拉伯、也门,其他6 个组分布在欧洲、地中海、西北非洲、西亚、东亚和美洲地区。地中海、西北非洲、西亚地区分布有除埃塞俄比亚燕麦组之外的所有6 个组,因此推断该地区可能是燕麦属的现代分布中心和多样性中心,而燕麦属的起源地尚需确证。

Abstract:

The geographical distribution of Avena L. (Aveneae, Poaceae) was studied by field investigation and reviewing specimens and literature. The results showed that 29 species in Avena were distributed in Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa, Western Asia, Eastern Asia, and the Americas. In China, four species of Avena distribute in high altitude areas in the northern, northwestern, and southwestern provinces. Seven sections are delimited in Avena, including sect. Avenotrichon (Holub) Baum, sect. Ventricosa Baum, sect. Agraria Baum, sect. Tenuicarpa Baum, sect. Ethiopica Baum, sect. Pachycarpa Baum, and sect. Avena. The sect. Ethiopica occurs in Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, and the remaining six sections occur in Mediterranean, Southwestern Europe, Northwestern Africa, Western Asia, Eastern Asia, and the Americas. The results suggest that the Mediterranean, Northwestern Africa, and Western Asia are the distribution centers and diversification centers of Avena, while the origin center of Avena needs to be further studied.