鄱阳湖南矶山湿地自然保护区的外来入侵植物调查与分析

Investigation on the Invasive Plants in Nanjishan Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake

摘要:

为了解鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区外来入侵植物的状况, 从2010 年至2014 年对外来入侵植物的物种种类、分布、传播等进行了调查。结果表明, 南矶山湿地保护区共有外来入侵植物32 种, 隶属于l8 科28 属, 其中菊科最多, 有8 种6 属;其次是苋科, 有4 种3 属, 绝大多数是草本植物;以原产地为美洲的最多, 有15 种, 其中来自北美的有9 种。对保护区造成严重危害的外来入侵植物有5 种, 分别为野燕麦(Avena fatua)、小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)、野胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、裸柱菊(Soliva anthemifolia)和空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides), 危害较强的主要有7 种, 危害较轻的有20 种。对外来植物的入侵途径、规律与成因以及对生态环境造成的影响进行了讨论, 并提出了防治对策与建议。

Abstract:

Nanjishan Nature Reserve is a typical inland island wetland, which lies in southern Poyang Lake. In order to understand the status of invasive alien plants in the region, the number of species, distribution and spread in Nanjishan Nature Reserve were surveyed from 2010 to 2014. The results showed that there were 32 exotic invasive species, belonging to 28 genera and 18 families in the area. Compositae and Amaranthaceae are the dominant families with 8 and 4 species, respectively. The exotic plants are mainly originated from South America and Centre America (34.88%), North America (20.93%) and Europe (20.93%). Based on occurrence frequency, invasion area and dispersal status, five species, such as Avena fatua, Conyza canadensis, Daucus carota, Soliva anthemifolia, Alternanthera philoxeroides, have caused serious harm. The number and the kinds of alien invasive plants that cause severe threat to local biodiversity in Nanjishan Nature Reserve had similar with those in adjacent areas. The influence and harmfulness of the invasive plants in Nanjishan Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake, as well as their invasive ways and prevention strategies are also discussed.