荧光原位杂交技术在植物多倍体起源与进化研究中的应用

Applications of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH/GISH) to Study the Origin and Evolution of Plant Polyploids

摘要:

多倍化是植物物种形成与多样化的重要原动力。研究植物特别是一些重要经济作物和园艺植物多倍体的起源与进化，不仅对于揭示多倍体形成过程中性状变异的分子机制具有重要意义，而且可为植物遗传资源的保护与利用提供理论和技术支持。作为连接基因组序列片段到染色体组的桥梁，荧光原位杂交技术长期被广泛用来研究多倍体形成与进化过程中相关特异基因或序列的表达定位、外源染色体检测和鉴定、基因组结构变异等科学问题。因此，在简单介绍荧光原位杂交技术发展历史和植物多倍体主要类型的基础上，主要总结了荧光原位杂交技术在植物多倍体起源与进化相关研究上的应用。

Abstract:

Polyploidization is a driving force to the plant speciation and diversification. The researches about the origin and evolution of plant polyploids, in particular crop or horticultural plant polyploids can not only give insights of the molecular mechanism underlying trait variations, but also improve the conservation and utilization of valuable polyploid germplasm resources. The developing of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH/GISH) technique recently provides a bridge between the sequences of a genome and the corresponding chromosomes. The uses of FISH and GISH can help to understand the processes of gene expressions, exotic chromosomal invasions and genomic structural variations related to polyploidy. Thus, the history of the developments of fluorescence in situ hybridization technique and the main types of plant polyploids were briefly introduced. Furthermore, the recent progresses of the applications of FISH and GISH on the researches of the origin and evolution of plant polyploids were reviewed.