广东省南昆山自然保护区厚叶木莲的群落特征研究

Structure Characteristics of Manglietia pachyphylla Community in Nankunshan Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

摘要:

为探讨广东省南昆山濒危植物厚叶木莲(Manglietia pachyphylla)群落的结构特征,采用样方调查法对群落内的物种种类组成、区系、垂直结构和种群年龄结构等进行了研究.结果表明,在2000 m² 的样地内共有维管植物236 种,隶属于73 科136 属,以热带成分占绝对优势；优势科为樟科(Lauraceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、冬青科(Aquifoliaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)等.群落中以苗仔竹(Schizostachyum dumetorum)为优势种,重要值为81.09%；群落的生活型谱以中、小高位芽植物为主,占79.23%.群落属于南亚热带常绿阔叶林植被类型.群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层3 层,层间植物丰富.对种群的年龄结构进行分析表明,厚叶木莲种群已处于衰退模式,有即将在群落中消失的可能,属于濒危物种,应加以保护.因此,对厚叶木莲及其群落在就地保护的基础上,同时要进行迁地保护及推广应用.

Abstract:

The aim was to understand structure characteristics of Manglietia pachyphylla community at Nankunshan Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, the species composition, flora components, vertical structure and age structure of the community were studied by field investigation method. The results showed that there are 239 species vascular plants, belonging to 72 families and 136 genera in plots with area of 2000 m², which dominated by Tropical element type. Among these, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Fagaceae, Aquifoliaceae, and Bubiaceae were dominant, and the dominant species of the community was Schizostachyum dumetorum, with an important value of 81.09%. The mesophanerophytes and microphanerophytes species accounted for 79.23% in life form spectrum of the community. This community belongs to Subtropical evergreen broad-leave forest, and can be vertically divided into three layers, including tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, and interlayer species were rich. Analysis on age structure indicated that Manglietia pachyphylla populations expressed a decline tendency. Therefore, Manglietia pachyphylla is an endangered species which must be protected by in situ conservation, and the conservation strategies should also put attention on ex situ conservation, and popularization and application in landscape greening.