广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献

Community Heterogeneity of Fengshui Woods in Guangzhou and Its Contribution to Regional Species Diversity

摘要:

为探讨广州市风水林群落空间异质性及其对区域物种多样性的贡献,在广州地区选取67个村边风水林斑块,每个斑块内设置1个20 m×20 m的样方,以种面积关系外推法和非参数法估计风水林群落对区域生物多样性的贡献;然后以加法准则拆分γ-多样性,以分析风水林群落物种组成的异质性。结果表明:(1) 广州地区风水林群落至少保存了32.74%的区域物种多样性; (2) γ-多样性(184)中的绝大部分由β-多样性(163.43)构建,只有很小部分来自于α-多样性(20.57); (3) 相对于平原地区,位于山区的风水林群落具有更高的物种丰富度和谱系多样性以及更多的稀有种。这表明风水林群落在物种组成上具有较高的空间异质性,为保护风水林的物种多样性需要尽可能多地保护风水林群落斑块;在保护资金和土地资源有限的情况下,位于山区的风水林群落应该给予优先考虑。

关键词:广州;风水林;物种丰富度;群落异质性;谱系多样性

Abstract:

In order to understand the community heterogeneity of fengshui woods in Guangzhou and its contribution to regional species diversity, sixty-seven fengshui wood patches in Guangzhou City, China were selected, in which a 20 m×20 m plot was set in each patch. The contribution of fengshui woods to regional species diversity was evaluated using extrapolation method of species area relationship and nonparametric method. The heterogeneity of fengshui wood communities was analyzed by separating γ-diversity according to additive rule. The results showed that at least 32.74% of regional species diversity was protected in fengshui woods. The γ-diversity (184) was mostly consisted of β-diversity (163.43) rather than α-diversity (20.57). Compared with plain region, fengshui wood community in hilly area had high species richness, phylogenetic diversity and more rare species. It was suggested that species composition in fengshui wood community had high spatial heterogeneity, and therefore it should protect fengshui wood patches as many as possible in order to preserve species diversity. Under the constraint conditions of funding and land resource, fengshui woods located in hilly areas should be preferentially considered.

Key words:Guangzhou;Fengshui wood;Species richness;Community heterogeneity;Phylogenetic diversity