寿竹的秆形特征及纤维形态研究

Culm Form Characteristic and Fiber Morphology of Phyllostachys reticulata ‘Shouzhu’

摘要:

为探讨寿竹(Phyllostachys reticulata ‘Shouzhu’)的材质特性, 分析寿竹的造纸性能, 以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis)和慈竹(Bambusa emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung)为对照, 对重庆市梁平县寿竹秆形结构的垂直变化、材积与生物量以及纤维形态特征进行研究。结果表明, 寿竹秆的节间长度随竹高度呈现先长后短的变化趋势, 直径与壁厚均随竹秆高度的增加而逐渐减小。寿竹材积的模型为V=0.000939H+0.001861D^-0.01374, 生物量模型为W=1.297D+2.053H^-16.666。寿竹纤维长度平均为2.47 mm, 以2~3 mm分布最多, 长宽比大于100, 属于制作优良纸张的较好纤维;纤维壁腔比较大, 达3.85。相对毛竹而言, 寿竹竹秆的节间长度更长, 垂直方向上材积分布更加均匀, 纤维长、长宽比大。寿竹与慈竹的纤维长度差异不大, 但纤维长宽比小于慈竹, 壁腔比大于慈竹。寿竹节间长, 垂直分布均匀, 材积和生物量大, 是优良的板材利用原料;寿竹纤维长, 长宽比大, 是优良的造纸原料, 造纸性能优于毛竹略次于慈竹。

Abstract:

In order to understand material and papermaking properties of Phyllostachys reticulata ‘Shouzhu’, P. edulis and Bambusa emeiensis L. C. Chia & H. L. Fung were collected as controls, culm form, volume biomass and fiber morphology of P. reticulata ‘Shouzhu’ were studied. The results showed that the internode length of ‘Shouzhu’ was long at first, and then short along culm height, and the diameter and culm wall thickness decreased with increment of culm height. The model for ‘Shouzhu’ volume was V=0.000939H+0.001861D^-0.01374, and W=1.297D+2.053H^-16.666 for biomass. The average length of ‘Shouzhu’ fibers was 2.47 mm, most ranges from 2 to 3 mm, and the ratio of fiber length to width was more than 100, and the ratio of cell wall to cavity was 3.85. Compared with P. edulis, the internode length of P. reticulata ‘Shouzhu’ culm was long, volume distribution in vertical direction was even, and fiber was long with big ratio of length to width. Compared to B. emeiensis, the fiber length of ‘Shouzhu’ had little difference, the ratio of length to width was small with big ratio of cell wall to cavity. These indicated that P. reticulata ‘Shouzhu’ could be used for sheet and papremaking materials, which papermaking properties of P. reticulata ‘Shouzhu’ was better than P. edulis but under B. emeiensis.