葛(豆科)叶的解剖学研究

Leaf Anatomy of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae)

摘要:

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了葛(Pueraria lobata)叶的解剖学特征。结果表明,葛叶片的上、下表皮都只有一层表皮细胞,上表皮比下表皮厚。上、下表皮都有腺毛和非腺毛。气孔主要分布在下表皮,下表皮的气孔密度为(261±17) mm^-2,上表皮只有(6±3) mm^-2。叶肉由两层栅栏组织细胞和一层海绵组织细胞构成。叶肉细胞中有丰富的叶绿体。在栅栏组织和海绵组织之间有一层平行于叶脉的薄壁细胞。叶脉中含有大量的草酸钙晶体。葛叶的这些形态特征与其喜阳、耐旱的特点相适应。

Abstract:

Leaf anatomic structure of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi (Leguminosae) was observed under light and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that both adaxial and abaxial epidermis only consist of one layer of cell. The adaxial epidermis was thicker than abaxial epidermis. There are glandular and nonglandular trichomes on both epidermis. The stomata were mainly distributed on abaxial surface with density of (261±17) mm^-2, compared to (6±3) mm^-2 on the adaxial epidermis. The mesophyll consist of two layers of palisade parenchyma cell and one layer of spongy parenchyma cell, both are rich in chloroplasts. There was one layer of parenchyma cell exit between palisade tissue and spongy parenchyma tissue. Many calcium oxalate crystals distributed in venation. The morphological characteristics of Pueraria lobata leaves were helpful to adapt to heliophytic and xerophytic environment.