花色苷对高等植物器官颜色的决定及其影响因素

Determination of the Higher Plant Organ Colors by Anthocyanins and Its Influence Factors

摘要:

综述了花色苷对高等植物器官颜色的决定作用及其影响因素的研究进展。花色苷本身的呈色属性、液泡定位及其在植物器官中的非均一性分布决定了花色苷能赋予植物器官颜色。花色苷单体和聚合体分子结构及其变化的多样性,以及花色苷合成与植物生长发育阶段的相关性决定了植物器官颜色的多样性。温度、光、水和矿质通过影响花色苷在液泡中的积累量而制约植物器官色度,液泡pH、氧化剂和还原剂通过影响花色苷的分子结构变化而制约植物器官色相。同时,细胞形状也通过影响花色苷的光学属性而制约器官颜色的变化。最后,还对植物器官颜色的机理和人工改良研究进行了展望。

Abstract:

The research advances in organ colorations of higher plants determined by anthocyanins and its influencing factors were summarized. The coloring property, location in vacuole and non-uniform distribution in plant organs of anthocyanins contributes their colorations of organs. Molecular structures of monomeric and polymeric anthocyanins and their various changes, together with the correlation between anthocyanin synthesis and the growth and development stages of plant result in diversity of plant organ coloration. Temperature, light, water and mineral elements influence the chromas of plant organs by affecting the anthocyanin accumulation in vacuole. Vacuolar pH, oxidizing and reducing agents influence the hues of plant organs by affecting molecular structure of anthocyanins. Simultaneously, the cell shapes restrict the color changes of plant organs by influencing the optical attributes of anthocyanins, and the exploration of mechanism and artificial improvement of plant organ colorations were prospected.