牡竹属三竹种的秆形质量与材性比较

Comparative Analysis of Culm Form and Timber Characteristics in Three Dendrocalamus Species

摘要:

对牡竹属(Dendrocalamus) 3个竹笋品质佳的竹种［勃氏甜龙竹(D. brandisii)、马来麻竹(D. asper)、花吊丝竹(D. minor var. amoenus)］的竹材形态质量及材性进行比较研究。结果表明:种间的立竹枝下高、相对全高的差异显著或极显著,勃氏甜龙竹相对枝下高最小,立竹胸径、全高、枝下高、尖削度值、壁厚率均为最大;竹秆含水率随立竹年龄增大而下降,3年生立竹的竹秆含水率为花吊丝竹>勃氏甜龙竹>马来麻竹,种间差异极显著;相对材积为勃氏甜龙竹(1771.35 cm³ cm^-1)>马来麻竹(1166.66 cm³ cm^-1)>花吊丝竹(659.78 cm³ cm^-1),种间差异极显著;竹材密度随立竹年龄增大而提高,3年立竹的竹材密度为花吊丝竹(0.914 g cm^-3)>勃氏甜龙竹(0.812 g cm^-3)>马来麻竹(0.749 g cm^-3),种间差异显著。因此,勃氏甜龙竹、马来麻竹可作为优良的笋材兼用竹种,而花吊丝竹宜作为笋用、观赏竹种推广应用。

关键词:牡竹属;秆形;竹材;竹材密度

Abstract:

The culm form and timber properties of three Dendrocalamus species, such as D. mino var. amoenus, D. asper and D. brandisii, were studied. The results showed that there were significant difference in height under branch and very significant difference on relative total height among three bamboo species. The diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, height under branch, taper and wall thickness ratio of D. brandisii were the biggest, while the relative height under branch was the smallest. With the increment of bamboo age, water content of bamboo culm decreased significantly with order as D. minor var. amoenus > D. brandisii >D. asper. The difference in relative volume of D. brandisii, D. minor var. amoenus, D. asper was very significant with 1771.35 cm³ cm^-1, 1166.66 cm³ cm^-1, and 659.78 cm³ cm^-1, respectively. With the increment of bamboo age, timber density increased significantly, D. minor was the highest, and D. asper was the lowest. Timber density of 3-year-old D. minor var. amoenus, D. brandisii and D. asper was 0.914 g cm^-3, 0.812 g cm^-3, and 0.749 g cm^-3, respectively. It suggested that D. minor var. amoenus could accomplish as ornament and shoot use bamboo, otherwise D. brandisii and D. asper as bamboo shoot and timber.

Key words:Dendrocalamus;Culm form;Timber;Timber density