广东西部云开山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性调查

Diversity Survey on Pteridophytes in Mt. Yunkai Nature Reserve, Western Guangdong, China

摘要:

野外调查和标本鉴定结果表明,云开山自然保护区共有185种蕨类植物,其中10种为广东新分布:中华桫椤(Alsophila costularis)、白桫椤(Sphaeropteris brunoniana)、有刺凤尾蕨(Pteris setulosacostulata)、禾秆亮毛蕨(Acystopteris tenuisecta)、高大短肠蕨(Allantodia muricata)、细裂铁角蕨(Asplenium tenuifolium)、无盖肉刺蕨(Nothoperanema shikokianum)、蓝色鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris polita)、云南舌蕨(Elaphoglossum yunnanense)和黑鳞剑蕨(Loxogramme assimilis)。该地蕨类植物区系主要由亚洲热带亚热带分布和东亚分布成分(各占约37%的种类)构成,以鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)、金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)和铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)的植物最为丰富,包含13种中国特有种但缺乏本地特有成分。垂直分布的统计结果表明,绝大多数植物(143种)生活在海拔900~1300 m的常绿阔叶林下,局限分布于海拔800 m以下的植物有15种,而局限分布于海拔1400~1700 m的植物有23种。该地的珍稀蕨类植物有马尾杉(Phlegmariurus phlegmaria)、华南马尾杉(P. austrosinicu)、薄叶阴地蕨(Sceptridium daucifolium)、小黑桫椤(Gymnosphaera metteniana)、中华桫椤、白桫椤、长柄车前蕨(Antrophyum obovatum)、黑鳞复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes nigrospinosa)、两广鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris liangkwangensis)、云南舌蕨、燕尾蕨(Cheiropleuria bicuspis)、锯蕨(Micropolypodium okuboi)和穴子蕨(Prosaptia urceolaris)。

关键词:蕨类植物区系;地理成分;垂直分布;新记录;云开山

Abstract:

A checklist of pteridophytes from Mt. Yunkai Nature Reserve in western Guangdong, China is presented based on recent field surveys and specimens studies. The list comprises 185 species, of which ten are new records to Guangdong: Alsophila costularis, Sphaeropteris brunoniana, Pteris setulosacostulata, Acystopteris tenuisecta, Allantodia muricata, Asplenium tenuifolium, Nothoperanema shikokianum, Dryopteris polita, Elaphoglossum yunnanense, and Loxogramme assimilis. This flora primarily consists of Tropical & Subtropical Asia elements and Eastern Asia elements, either contains about 37% of the total species. There are not local endemics but 13 species endemic to China. Species in Dryopteridaceae, Polypodiaceae, Thelypteridaceae, Athyriaceae, and Aspleniaceae are most rich. Ecologically, 143 species were recorded in evergreen broad-leaved forest at altitude from 900 m to 1300 m, 15 species in man-made Cryptomeria fortunei forest or strongly disturbed broad-leaved forest at altitude below 800 m, and 23 species in mossy dwarf forest at altitude from 1400 to 1700 m. In addition, some rare and precious pteridophytes were found in this region, such as Phlegmariurus phlegmaria, P. austrosinicu, Sceptridium daucifolium, Gymnosphaera metteniana, Alsophila costularis, Sphaeropteris brunoniana, Antrophyum obovatum, Arachniodes nigrospinosa, Dryopteris liangkwangensis, Elaphoglossum yunnanense, Cheiropleuria bicuspis, Micropolypodium okuboi, and Prosaptia urceolaris.

Key words:Fern flora;Phytogeography;Altitudinal distribution;New record;Mt. Yunkai