白沙枇杷果实发育、果实水势及与裂果关系研究

Relationship between Fruit Cracking and Fruit Development, Water Potential of White Flesh Loquat

摘要:

对生长在山坡地6年生白沙枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)的裂果与果实发育、可溶性糖含量、土壤相对含水量及果实水势关系进行了研究，并探讨了覆盖地膜、断根和果实套袋技术对预防裂果的效果。结果表明，随着白沙枇杷果实的发育，果形指数变小；临近成熟期，果实的可溶性糖含量最高，土壤相对含水量增加，同时果实水势也升高。模拟大雨后，果实水势与裂果率呈正相关，相关系数R=0.941。这说明白沙枇杷临近成熟时，果实内积累了大量的可溶性糖等高渗透物质，从高含水量的土壤中大量吸收水分，使果实水势升高，导致裂果。以覆盖地膜、断根和果实套袋组合的技术预防裂果的效果最好，其中覆盖地膜和断根对预防裂果的贡献较大。

Abstract:

Fruit cracking in six-year-old white flesh loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. ‘Ninghaibai’) was studied at fruit development stages, and the fruit soluble sugar contents, relative water contents of soil and water potential of fruits were measured. The prevention effects on fruit cracking were also investigated by using covering plastic film, cutting roots and fruit bagging. The results showed that fruit shape index tended to decrease with fruit growth. When approaching maturity, the water potential in fruit and the relative water content of soil increased while the soluble sugar content in fruit reached the highest. After simulated heavy rain, fruit water potential had positive correlation with fruit cracking (R=0.941). The loquat fruits accumulated permeable materials such as soluble sugars and absorbed water from soil when fruits were nearly mature, it made fruit water potential increase, and then caused the fruit cracking. The inhibition effects on fruit cracking were the best by combination of covering plastic film, cutting roots and fruit bagging, in which the covering plastic film and cutting roots had large contribution.