肿足蕨的配子体发育研究

Studies on the Gametophyte Development of Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn

摘要:

对肿足蕨(Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn)的孢子进行人工培养，在显微镜下观察其孢子萌发和配子体发育。结果表明，肿足蕨的孢子深褐色，二面体型，单裂缝，具周壁，有密集的褶皱状纹饰。孢子赤道面观为肾形，极面观为椭圆形。孢子萌发类型为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type)，原叶体发育为叉蕨型(Aspidium-type)。成熟原叶体为对称心形，原叶体上毛状体极其发达，有两种不同类型的毛状体，分别为乳头状和长针状。假根分叉，常见膨大。成熟的原叶体为雌雄同株，精子器由3个细胞构成，同一原叶体上同时存在处于不同发育时期的精子器，颈卵器长且较为弯曲。肿足蕨的配子体发育表现出较为进化的特点，同时也形成了对石灰岩生境的高度适应机制。

Abstract:

The spores of Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn were artificially cultured, and the spore germination and gametophyte development were observed under the microscope. Spores were bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view, monolete, perispore with folds, dark brown. The spore germination belonged to the Vittaria-type, while the gametophyte development is Aspidium-type. The mature prothallium was cordate and bearing two kinds of trichomes (papillary and long needle-like). The rhizoids were bifurcated and enlarged. The mature prothallium is bisexual. The antheridia consist of 3 cells and varied antheridia at different developmental stages occurred on one prothallium. The archegonia are long and always curved to growing point. The characteristics of spore germination and gametophyte development of H. crenatum was relatively advanced and showing a highly adaptation to the limestone environment.