碎米莎草茎总生物碱对植物和病原菌的生物活性

Phytoactivity and Antifungal Activity of Total Alkaloids from Stem of Cyperus iria

摘要:

以水稻(Oryza sativa)等5种植物和水稻稻瘟病(Magnaporthe grisea)等6种植物病原真菌为试验对象，测定了碎米莎草(Cyperus iria)茎总生物碱对植物和病原菌的生物活性。结果表明，250~4 000 μg mL-1的总生物碱对水稻种子的萌发无显著影响，对千金子(Leptochloa chinensis)幼苗的苗高有显著抑制作用。4 000 μg mL-1的总生物碱对烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)、鳢肠(Eclipta prostrate)和车前草(Plantago asiatica)种子的萌发，烟草幼苗的苗高以及水稻、烟草和鳢肠幼苗的鲜重有显著抑制作用，相对较低浓度总生物碱对千金子种子萌发、千金子和车前草幼苗的鲜重以及5种植物幼苗的根长和苗高(烟草幼苗的苗高除外)有显著抑制作用。25~400 μg mL-1的碎米莎草茎总生物碱对小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)的生长无显著影响，而对苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola)的生长有显著抑制作用，100~400 μg mL-1的总生物碱对稻瘟病菌、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiovum)和番茄早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)的生长有显著抑制作用，200~400 μg mL-1的总生物碱对杨树溃疡病菌(Dothiorella gregaria)的生长有显著抑制作用，400 μg mL-1的总生物碱对上述病原真菌的抑菌率分别为8.20%、74.87%、40.93%、60.91%、52.70%和16.28%。

Abstract:

The phytoactivity of toal alkaloids from stem of Cyperus iria to Oryza sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Plantago asiatica, Eclipta prostrate, Leptochloa chinensis and antifungal activity against Magnaporthe grisea, Sclerotinia sclerotiovum, Alternaria solani, Fusarium graminearum, Dothiorella gregaria and Physalospora piricola were measured. The results showed that 250~4 000 μg mL-1 total alkaloids had not significant influence in seed germination of O. sativa, but significantly inhibited in seedling height of L. chinensis. Seed germination of N. tabacum, E. prostrate and P. asiatica, seedling height of N. tabacum, seedling fresh weight of O. sativa, N. tabacum and E. prostrate were significantly inhibited treated with 4 000 μg mL-1 total alkaloids. The total alkaloids of low concentrations significantly inhibited in seed germination of L. chinensis, seedling fresh weight of L. chinensis and P. asiatica, seedling root length and height of five species except of seedling height of N. tabacum. However, 25~400 μg mL-1 total alkaloids had no significant inhibition to the growth of F. graminearum, but had to the growth of P. piricola, and 100~400 μg mL-1 total alkaloids had significant inhibition to M. grisea, S. sclerotiovum and A. solani, while did 200~400 μg mL-1 total alkaloids to D. gregariaat, the growth of six fungi were significantly inhibited treated with 400 μg mL-1 total alkaloids, the inhibitory rates were 8.20%, 74.87%, 40.93%, 60.91%, 52.70% and 16.28%, respectively.