福建闽清福建青冈天然林种子雨和种子库

Seed Rain and Soil Seed Bank of Cyclobalanopsis chungii Forest in Minqing, Fujian Province

摘要:

对福建闽清黄楮林自然保护区的福建青冈(Cyclobalanopsis chungii)天然林的种子雨和土壤种子库进行了观测和分析。结果表明，福建青冈种子雨持续2个月，其高峰期在11月下旬～12月上旬，总量为12.44 个 m-2，在种子散布过程中完好种子、虫蛀种子、败育种子、霉烂种子和萌发种子的比例差异明显，其中虫蛀种子是萌发种子的19.44倍。土壤种子库中虫蛀种子占53.79%，与种子雨相比，完好种子和萌发种子数量分别减少2.15个 m-2和0.20个 m-2。土壤种子库种子存活率仅13.51%，动物捕食率达45.90%，说明动物的捕食和搬运是福建青冈种子缺失的原因之一。福建青冈天然林土壤种子库有69种植物种子，但种子数量较少，且分布不均匀，种子库中78.42%种子分布在2~5 cm土层中。福建青冈天然林中实生幼苗少与福建青冈种子本身特性及其生长环境密切相关，福建青冈种子发育成熟后因动物侵扰、虫蛀、霉烂和败育等情况发生，难以在土壤中长期保存，以致福建青冈林分天然更新严重受阻。

Abstract:

To understand the natural regeneration of Cyclobananopsis chungii nature forest, seed rain and soil seed bank of a C. chungii forest in Minqing C. chungii Forest Nature Reserve were investigated. The results showed that seed rain continued about two months with an average of 12.44 seeds m-2 and peaked at late November to early December. There’s significant difference among the proportions of perfect, worm-eaten, abortive, decayed and germinated seeds in the process of seed rain, in which the proportion of the worm-eaten was 19.44 times as great as the geminated. In the soil seed bank, the proportion of the worm-eaten seed was 53.79%. Compared with the seed rain, the quantities of the perfect and geminated seed were less 2.15 seeds m-2 and 0.20 seeds m-2 respectively. Seed survival rate and the proportion of seed damaged by animals were 13.51% and 45.90%, respectively, which showed that animal damage was the main cause of seed loss. In total, 69 species of seeds were recorded in the soil seed bank, with a very low density of germinable seeds and most of them were buried in 2~5 cm in soil. Seedling density of C. chungii was very low in the nature forest, which was closely related to the seed characteristics and habitat. Due to the animal invasion, rotten, abortion, and so on, it’s difficult for C. chungii mature seed to long-term preserve in the soil, and the natural regeneration of C. chungii forest was blocked seriously.