橡胶树新品种云研77-2和云研77-4的细胞学鉴定及育种过程

Cytological Identification and Breeding Course of Hevea ‘Yunyan 77-2’ and ‘Yunyan 77-4’

摘要:

对巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)新品种云研77-2和云研77-4及其亲本PR107和GT1的染色体进行了细胞学观察，并介绍了它们的育种历程。结果表明：PR107和GT1的染色体数为2n=2x=36，云研77-2和云研77-4的染色体数目为2n=3x=54，均为三倍体；利用特殊父母本建立杂交授粉园获取种子，设定合理的筛选标准在逆境中进行实生筛选是巴西橡胶树新品种选育的有效途径。

Abstract:

The chromosomes of two new varieties ‘Yunyan 77-2’ and ‘Yunyan 77-4’ and their parents ‘PR107’ and ‘GT1’ were observed, and the breeding process of the new varieties was summarized. The results showed that the chromosome number of ‘PR107’ and ‘GT1’ is 2n=2x=36, whereas 2n=3x=54 for ‘Yunyan 77-2’ and ‘Yunyan 77-4’. ‘Yunyan 77-2’ and ‘Yunyan 77-4’ are triploids. It is an effective way to breed new Hevea varieties by establishing a pollination garden of special parents, setting reasonable screening criteria and selecting the polyploid seedlings under stress circumstances.