羽叶薰衣草雄性不育的细胞学研究

Cytological Study on Male Sterile of Lavandula pinnata L.

摘要:

用光镜和电镜观察羽叶薰衣草(Lavandula pinnata L.)雄性不育小孢子发育过程的细胞形态学特征。结果表明：羽叶薰衣草花药4枚，每枚花药通常具4个小孢子囊。花药壁发育为双子叶型，从外向内分为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层4层细胞。减数分裂形成的四分体为四面体及十字交叉型。小孢子的发育过程可分为造孢细胞期、减数分裂时期、小孢子发育早期、小孢子发育晚期。未观察到二胞花粉期和成熟花粉期。羽叶薰衣草花粉败育主要发生在单核花粉时期，细胞内物质解体并逐渐消失变成空壳花粉或花粉皱缩变形成为各种畸形的败育花粉。在此之前小孢子的发育正常。羽叶薰衣草小孢子不育机制体现在绒毡层过早解体、四分体时期以后各细胞中线粒体结构不正常、胼胝质壁与小孢子母细胞脱离、花药壁细胞中淀粉出现时间异常等。

Abstract:

Microsporogenesis development of male sterile of Lavandula pinnata grown in South China was observed by light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the male flowers of L. pinnata had four stamens, each bears four microsporangia. Development of anther wall belonged to Dicotyledonous Type, and the anther wall was composed of an epidermis, endothecium, middle layer(s) and glandular tapetum. The cytokinesis following meiosis was simultaneous, producing tetrahedral and decussational tetrads. The development of the microspore could be divided into sporogenous stage, meiosis stage, and the early and late stage of the microspore. Binucleate pollen stage and mature pollen stage were not observed. Sterile pollens occured in the mononuclear pollen stage, the cytoplasm degenerated and disappeared developing abnormal pollen grains. Microsporogenesis were normal before the mononuclear pollen stage. The sterile characteristics showed tapetal cells degenerated too early and mictochondria was abnormal during the tetrad stage, there were abnormal spaces between callus wall and mother microspores wall, and the granules appeared in the anther wall cells unconventionally.