种皮和环境温度对橡胶树种子萌发的影响

Effects of Seed Coat and Environmental Temperature on the Germination of Hevea brasiliensis Seeds

摘要:

在人工气候箱控制的条件下，研究了种皮和环境温度对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)种子萌发的影响。结果表明，种皮对橡胶树种子的吸水和萌发具有明显的机械限制作用；去除种皮后种子萌发速率加快，萌发指数增大，但萌发率从83.8%下降到47.8%，幼苗活力指数从332.3下降到187.9。15℃以下的温度明显推迟种子萌发，且萌发率下降。去除种皮后的种仁萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数均随着温度的升高而增大；有种皮种子的萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数分别在20℃(94.7%)、30℃(1.86)和25℃(374.4)时最大，而萌发速率系数随着温度的升高先增大后减小。在橡胶树栽培和胶园建设中，可利用种皮对种仁水分散失的限制作用以及对低温的不敏感性，有效延长橡胶树种子的贮藏时间，提高萌发率和籽苗质量。

Abstract:

Under the artificial climate incubator, the effects of seed coat and temperature on the germination of Hevea brasiliensis seeds were studied. The results showed that seed coat had significant mechanical inhibition on the water absorption and the germination of H. brasiliensis seeds. The seed germination sped up and germination index increased when removed seed coat, but germination rate significantly decreased from 83.8% to 47.85%, and vigor index from 332.3 to 187.9, respectively. The seed germination delayed obviously and the germination rate reduced under below 15℃. The germination rate, germination index and vigor index of kernel all increased with the elevation of temperature, while those of seeds were up to peak at 20℃(94.7%), 30℃(1.86), and 25℃(374.4), respectively. The coefficient of germination rate increased first, and then decreased. In the rubber cultivation and the construction of rubber plantation, the restrict effect of seed coat on water lose of kernel and non-sensitivity to lower temperature could be utilized to prolong seed storage period, increase germination rate and improve seedling quality.