陆地棉核不育株扦插繁殖与宿生保持及杂种优势利用

Cutting Propagation and Perennial Cultivation of Genic Male Sterile Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Its Heterosis Utilization

摘要:

利用广西南宁冬季无霜冻的气候特点，对陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)洞A细胞核雄性不育扦插株与宿生株及其杂交一代进行比较研究。结果表明：(1)1 a生扦插株开花较早，茎粗、主茎节间长度、铃重、子指4个性状显著好于实生株，但扦插株的种子产量显著低于实生株，其原因是果枝扦插形成的僵苗占扦插株的23.04%，而且扦插株全为不育株，实生株中则有50%左右的可育株；(2)2 a生扦插株性状与实生株无显著差异；(3)由扦插繁殖的不育株和种子繁殖的不育株配制的杂交F1代的产量与纤维品质无显著差异。因此认为，扦插繁殖陆地棉核不育株用于多年杂交制种是可行的，选择营养枝扦插是陆地棉核不育株扦插繁殖需要注意的关键问题。

Abstract:

On the basis of frostless climate characteristic in winter of Nanning, Guangxi Province, the cutting propagation and perennial cultivation of genic male sterile upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Dong A’), and their heterosis utilization were studied, including growth, development, yield and fiber quality. The results showed that 1-year-old cutting plants flowered earlier and were significantly better at stem diameter, internode length of main stem, boll weight and seed index, than that of the seeding plants, however, the seed yield of the cutting plants were significantly lower than that of the seeding plants, because 23.04% cutting plants derived from boll-bearing branches produced stunty plants, and the cutting plants were all male sterile plants, while the seeding plants were about 50%. There were no significant differences between 2-year-old cutting plants and seeding plants in all the investigated characters, also in yield and fibre quality of F1 hybrids. It suggested that cutting genic male sterile cotton and perennial cultivation used for producing hybrid seeds were feasible, but it must select the vegetative branches for cutting plants.