黄顶菊小孢子发生与雄配子体发育的研究

Studies on Microsporogenesis and Male Gametophyte Development of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze

摘要:

利用常规石蜡切片技术，观察了黄顶菊小孢子发生及雄配子体发育过程。结果表明：(1)花药具4个花粉囊，花药壁发育为基本型，由4层细胞构成—表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层，绒毡层属于变形型，其细胞为双核；(2)从孢原细胞出现到二细胞花粉粒形成，同一花药四个花粉囊的发育不同步；(3)孢原细胞为单孢原起源；小孢子母细胞减数分裂为连续型，形成的四分体为四面体型排列；(4)成熟花粉粒为二细胞型，三个萌发孔，花粉外壁具有明显的刺，偶尔观察到巨大花粉；(5)小孢子母细胞时期，花药壁中层毗邻绒毡层的一面产生外绒毡层膜，包被绒毡层和小孢子母细胞。

Abstract:

Microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze were observed by using method of traditional paraffin sections. The results showed that anther was tetrasporangiate, and the development of anther wall was the Basic type, which included an epidermis, an endothelium, a middle layer and a tapetum. The tapetum belonged to amoeboid type and its cells were binucleate. From appearance of archesporial cells to 2-celled pollen stage, the development of tetrasporangiate was asynchronous. The archesporial cells differentiated from single archesporium, the meiosis of microspore mother cells were continuous type and tetrads were tetrahedral. Mature pollen grains were 2-celled with 3 aperture, and obvious spines on thick extine. Huge pollens were observed occasionally. At the MMC stage, the tapetum membrane was formed from the middle layer neighboring tapetal cells, which surrounded tapetum and MMC.