中国植物区系的鸟类传粉现象

A Review on Ornithophily in the Chinese F

摘要:

概述了分布于中国的传粉鸟类类群和鸟类传粉的植物类群，并分析了这些植物的分布区类型和花部特征。中国的传粉鸟类几乎全部属于雀形目；鸟类传粉现象广泛存在于30余科的植物中，其花部特征表现出对非专性嗜蜜鸟类的适应。这些植物类群在中国的植物区系中主要表现出热带成分的特征，但其中也有温带成分。结合植物类群的系统发育研究以及对其鸟类传粉现象的认识，可以系统地了解鸟类传粉在旧世界温带地区的起源与演化，以及鸟-花协同进化的过程。

Abstract:

Ornithophily in the Chinese flora was reviewed. Literatures concerning floral visiting birds and ornithophilous (including potential) plant genera were evaluated; areal types and floral traits of the plant genera with confirmed ornithophily in China or elsewhere were also analyzed. Almost all the flower-visiting birds in China are Passeriformes. Ornithophily was found in more than 30 angiosperm families in China, which has been largely ignored. The floral characters of the ornithophilous plants in China were mostly generalized to adapt to non-nectarivorous birds. Although most of the ornithophilous genera are tropical components of the Chinese flora, there are several temperate elements of which the diversity centres are in China, such as the genus Rhododendron. Combined with phylogenetic reconstruction of the plant groups, and studies on ornithophily in these taxa, it is possible to elucidate the emergence and evolution of the bird-flower coevolution in the Old World.