东莞凤岗镇臀果木-黄桐风水林群落特征分析

The Characteristics of Fungshui Woods Pygeum topengii-Endospermum chinense Community in Fenggang Town, Dongguan City

摘要:

基于样方调查，对东莞凤岗镇臀果木(Pygeum topengii)-黄桐(Endospermum chinense)风水林群落特征进行分析。结果表明，该群落属于南亚热带低地常绿阔叶林的代表性恢复类群。在2 000 m2的样地中，共有维管束植物64种，隶属于39科56 属，区系成分以热带亚热带成分为主，占总属数的94%。群落的主要优势树种为臀果木、黄桐、银柴、浙江润楠和小盘木。群落外貌常绿，季相较为明显，生活型以高位芽植物占优势，达67.19%。群落的垂直层次结构分化明显，可划分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层以及由藤本植物和附生植物构成的层片结构。Shannon多样性指数在各层次表现出乔木层＞灌木层＞藤本植物＞草本层的格局，整个群落的Margalef丰富度指数为6.8354，Shannon多样性指数为3.8874，Pielou均匀度指数为0.6479。通过对10个优势树种种群的年龄结构、空间分布格局以及种间协变分析，表明臀果木-黄桐群落处于进展演替阶段，优势种群分布呈现由集群向随机的扩散趋势，并朝着优势种群种间相关关系减弱的方向进行。

Abstract:

The characteristics of fungshui woods Pygeum topengii-Endospermum chinense community in Fenggang Town, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province were studied. The results showed that the P. topengii-E. chinense community belonged to a representative restoration type of the lowland evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern subtropical China. It was found that there were 64 species of vascular plants belonging to 56 genera and 39 families in 20 plots of 2 000 m2, and the floristic components are dominated by Tropical and Subtropical types (94% of the total genera). P. topengii, E. chinense, Aporosa dioica, Machilus chekiangensis and Microdesmis caseariifolia are the dominant tree species. The physiognomy of the community was evergreen, and the life form was dominated by phanerophytes (67.19%). Vertical stratification of community is conspicuous, and can be divided into tree layer, shrub layer, herb layer and liana and epiphyte layer. The species diversity of the community is relatively high with the Margalef richness index of 6.8354, the Shannon diversity index of 3.8874, and the Pielou evenness index of 0.6479. The diversity pattern of Shannon diversity index in order of tree layer > shrub layer > liana > epiphyte layer > herb layer. The age structure, spatial distribution pattern and interspecific covariation of 10 dominant tree populations in P. topengii-E. chinense community were analyzed, it indicated that there was a change trend in the distribution pattern of dominant tree populations from aggregation to random during the stage of progressive succession. Moreover, the interspecific correlation relationship tended towards weakening among the dominant tree populations.