槲蕨配子体形态发育的研究

Observation on the Gametophyte Development of Drynaria roosii Nakaike

摘要:

用无机培养基和土壤培养基分别培养槲蕨孢子，显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体形态发育过程。结果表明：孢子黄色，具单裂缝，赤道面观豆形，极面观椭圆形，不具周壁，孢子外壁局部具大小不一的颗粒状纹饰。接种后10～12 d孢子萌发，萌发类型为书带蕨型，配子体发育为槲蕨型。接种后20 d左右发育为片状体，片状体形成顶端细胞的时间较晚。毛状体出现在片状体形成之后，数量丰富，多为单细胞，分布于原叶体背腹面及边缘。接种后60 d左右发育形成幼原叶体，成熟原叶体呈心脏形。接种后65d左右开始有性器官出现，精子器的出现较颈卵器早10 d左右。颈卵器成熟后，颈部常向原叶体基部倾斜或弯曲。原叶体受精后幼胚突破颈卵器生长。

Abstract:

The spores of the Drynaria roosii Nakaike were cultured in inorganic medium and soil respectively. The spore germination and the gametophyte development were observed by microscope. The results indicate that the spores are yellowish, monolete, without perispore and bearing granular ornamentation on the exospore. They are bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germinate within 10~12 days after inoculation, the type of germination is Vittaria-type while that of gametophyte development is Drynaria-type. The prothallial plates form in 20 days after inoculation and the establishment of apical cell is later than that. After the formation of the prothallial plate, profuse unicellular hairs occur on both the surfaces and margin of the prothalli. The young prothalli develop in 60 days after inoculation and the mature prothalli are cordate-thalloid. The sex organs are formed in 65 days after inoculation. The antheridia appear about 10 days earlier than archegonia. Archegonial neck usually inclines or curves towards the base of the prothallus at maturity. It can be observed that the embryos break through the archegonia after fertilization.