广州外来入侵植物

Invasive Plants in Guangzhou, China

摘要:

根据野外调查及相关文献资料，初步探讨了广州市外来入侵植物的种类组成、分布生境、生长特性、危害以及来源。结果表明：广州市现有外来入侵植物73种，隶属于27科59属，其中菊科(19种)、禾本科(8种)、豆科(7种)和苋科(7种)植物占了入侵植物总种数的56.2%。生活型分析发现，在广州有分布的外来入侵植物中，陆生草本植物最多(58种)，其次为灌木(10种)、水生草本(3种)，乔木种类最少(2种)，他们主要生长在人类干扰比较频繁的低海拔地区。另外，基于对外来入侵植物目前在野外的生长和分布状况等生态学特性进行分析，可大致将它们对本地生物多样性危害程度分为3级，其中危害严重的有11种，危害中等的有25种，危害较轻的有37种。原产地分析来看，61种来自于热带美洲地区，占广州外来入侵植物总种数的83.6%。与国内其他地区外来入侵植物进行比较发现，广州和广西共有种数最多，有62种，然而，对已经造成严重危害的外来植物种类，在数量上广州与香港、深圳和广西相同种类较多，分别有8种、7种和6种。对广州市目前外来植物的入侵风险(潜在威胁)的评估结果表明，对一些在其它地区已经造成严重危害的外来植物，应当加强监控，防止入侵扩散并造成重大生态灾难。还对广州市外来植物入侵的主要途径及防治策略做了简要分析和说明。

Abstract:

Based on field investigation and literature consultation, seventy three species of alien invasive plants belonging to 59 genera of 27 families were identified in Guangzhou. Of them, nineteen alien invasive species belonging to Asteraceae, eight to Poaceae, and seven to Fabaceae and Amaranthaceae respectively, and they take up 56.2% of the total number of the invasive plants in Guangzhou. With respect to the life form of alien invasive plants distributed in Guangzhou, the most dominant plant are terrestrial herbs (58 species), then shrubs (10 species), aquatic herbs (3 species) and trees (2 species), which distributed in the area of heavily disturbed and low altitude. In addition, based on the growing, dispersal status and other ecological features of the invasive plants in the field, eleven alien invasive species were evaluated to be at the highest degree of threat to the local biodiversity, twenty five at the medium, and 37 at the lowest. Constitutional analysis of the original locality of the alien invasive species revealed that 61 species were from tropical America and took up 83.6% of the total species in Guangzhou. Comparing with other domestic regions in terms of the number of the alien invasive plants, Guangzhou and Guangxi share the most and have 62 species. However, concerning the species that have caused serious threat to local biodiversity, Guangzhou shared eight species with Hong Kong, seven species with Shenzhen, and six species with Guangxi. Moreover, we also evaluated the potential threat for those alien plants that grow in Guangzhou and have caused serious biodiversity damages in other domestic regions. Our result reveals that the government should pay much attention to monitoring these invasive species so as to prevent them from dispersing and causing ecology disaster in Guangzhou. Furthermore, the invasive pathways and preventive strategies of alien plants are also summarized here.