广东黑石顶森林苔藓群落特征初探

Bryophyte Communities in the Forest of Heishiding Nature Reserve, Guangdong, China

摘要:

通过对5个面积为2 500 m2的样地中树附生和地面苔藓植物的定量调查，初步研究了广东黑石顶森林中苔藓植物多样性特征。本次调查共发现苔藓植物50种, 包括30种苔类和20种藓类。样地中树附生苔藓植物40种，地面苔藓植物24种，前者远高于后者。各样地中地面苔藓植物的种类为8-13种，盖度0.59%-1.12%，坡度及小生境的多样性对地面苔藓植物物种多样性及盖度均有很大影响；树附生苔藓植物12-20种，盖度0.63%-1.63%。结果显示30 a的次生林中苔藓植物的物种丰富度及盖度均可恢复到与成熟阔叶林接近的水平。相似性分析表明，成熟阔叶林内苔藓植物种类组成与针阔叶混交林及30 a的次生阔叶林差异不明显，但前者的苔藓植物群落结构与后者的差异较大。

Abstract:

A quantitative survey was conducted to investigate the biodiversity characteristics of bryophytes in Heishiding Nature Reserve，Guangdong, China. 50 species of bryophytes in the five 2 500 m2 transects were found in which 30 were liverworts and 20 were mosses. Forty species of bryophytes occurred on trunks, which was much more than those on floor (only 24 species). Bryophyte coverage on trunks and floor was very low. Species richness of floor bryophytes in each plot was between 8 and 13 and the coverage was from 0.59%to 1.12%. The distribution and species richness of floor bryophytes were strongly affected by slope and micro-environments. Epiphytic bryophytes in each plot ranged from 12 to 20 species and the coverage was from 0.63% to 1.63%. This suggested that the species richness and coverage of bryophytes in 30-year-old secondary broadleaved forest have restored to the level of mature broad-leaved forest. Similarity analysis of bryophyte communities indicated that species composition of the mature forest was similar to that of the mixed pine and broad-leaved forest and young secondary forest, but community structure of the former was quite different from the latter. More studies are needed to understand the mechanism of low coverage of floor and epiphytic bryophytes.