施硼对圆叶决明植株生长、养分含量及固氮能力的影响

Effects of Boron on the Growth, Nutrients and Nitrogen-Fixing Ability of Chamaecrista rotundifolia

摘要:

设立田间小区试验，探讨在红壤中施用不同浓度的硼肥对圆叶决明（Chamaecrista rotundifolia）植株生长、牧草品质和根瘤固氮能力的影响。结果表明，施用1.5、3.0和4.5 kg hm^-2硼肥处理的植株分枝数、根部重和植株生物产量分别比对照提高15.7%-36.7%、251%-493%和7.2%-34.2%，其中以施B 1.5 kg hm^-2的处理较为适宜。施1.5、3.0和4.5 kg hm^-2硼处理的植株全氮、全磷和全钾的含量分别比对照提高8.80%-31.38%、10.37%-31.26%和18.4%-37.9%，粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和氨基酸的含量分别提高8.80%-31.38%、15.6%-65.4%、10.5%-33.7%和1.43%-42.60%，其中也以1.5 kg hm^-2的田间施硼量的效应最佳，适宜施用硼肥有利于圆叶决明植株对营养物质的吸收与累积。施硼量为4.5 kg hm^-2时，植株的硼含量最高；施B 3.0 kg hm^-2 处理的植株根瘤重、根瘤数和根瘤固氮酶活性均达到最大值。综合评价的结果表明， 1.5 kg hm^-2 B是本试验条件下较佳的硼用量。

Abstract:

Effects of boron on the growth, nutrition quality and nitrogen-fixing ability were studied in Chamaecrista rotundifolia. Compared with control,the branching numbers, root and shoot biomass of C. rotundifolia treated with boron (1.5 kg hm^-2, 3.0 kg hm^-2, 4.5 kg hm^-2) were increased by 15.7%-36.7%, 251%-493% and 7.2%-34.2%, respectively. The boron treatment of 1.5 kg hm^-2 was the best. The contents of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, raw proteins, raw fatty acids, raw fibers and amino acids were increased by 8.80%-31.38%, 10.37%-31.26%, 18.4%-37.9% 15.6%-65.4%, 10.5%-33.7% and 1.43%-42.60%, respectively, in boron (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 kg hm^-2 ) treatments than controls. The effect of 1.5 kg hm^-2 boron treatment was also the best. It was suggested that the appropriate boron was benefit to nutrient absorption and accumulation in C. rotundifolia. The experiment also showed that boron content of the species was highest after 4.5 kg hm-2 boron treatment. Root nodule weight, number and nitrogenase activity reached highest levels after 3.0 kg hm^-2 boron treatment. The comprehensive analysis showed that 1.5 kg hm^-2 boron treatment was more suitable under the experiment condition.