氮沉降增加对森林凋落物分解酶活性的影响

Effects of Elevated Nitrogen Deposition on the Activities of Enzymes in Forest Litter Decomposition： a Review

摘要:

氮沉降增加对森林凋落物分解酶产生的影响在世界范围受到关注。综述了凋落物分解酶的种类、影响酶的因素、酶的生态学意义和土壤酶研究技术的研究发展趋势。根据森林凋落物底物性质的不同，将凋落物分解酶分为纤维素分解酶类、木质素分解酶类、蛋白水解酶类和磷酸酶类。目前普遍认为，氮沉降增加，磷酸酶类活性随之增加，其它三类酶活性未呈现规律性变化。此外，还对氮沉降增加与土壤酶之间关系的研究前景进行了探讨。

Abstract:

Elevated nitrogen deposition has the effects on the activities of enzymes responsible for decomposition of forest litter, which has attracted great attention worldwide. Progress in this field is reviewed in following aspects： the types of the enzymes, the factors affecting the enzymes, the ecological significance of the enzymes and the techniques for the studies on soil enzymes. According to the properties of litter substrate, the enzymes are classified into cellulolytic enzymes, ligninolytic enzymes, proteolytic enzymes and phosphatase. It is generally believed that elevated nitrogen deposition has a positive effect on activity for phosphatase, but irregular for other enzymes. The further researches on the relationship between elevated nitrogen deposition and soil enzymes are discussed.