油页岩废渣场26种木本植物光合作用和生长的差异

Differences in Photosynthesis and Plant Growth of 26 Woody Species at the Oil Shale Waste Dump

摘要:

比较了生长在广东省茂名市茂南区油页岩废渣场4a多的26种木本植物的光合作用．光响应和生长特征。测定了最大净光合速率（Pmax）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和株高、胸径（DBH），并计算了表观光量子效率（AQY）、瞬时光能利用效率（ILUE）。根据上述参数的不同，参试植物被分成3级：速生种平均DBH为9.44±2.23 cm，其相应的平均Pmax为18.44±1.38 μ mol m^*s^-1，ILUE为1．11±0．68％和AQY为0．0474±0．007 μ mol CO₂ μ mol^-1 quantum。中速生长植物则分别为5．09±0．90 cm、11．54±1．0lμmol m^-2s^-1、0．75±0．12％和0．0406±0．004 μ mol ^-1 μ mol^-1 quantum。慢速生长的植物中，各参数则只有2．03±0．65 cm、6．71±2．82 μ mol m^-2s^-1、0．47±0．12％和0．0318±0．006 μ mol ^-1 μ mol^-1 quantum。统计分析显示，ILUE和Pmax或DBH呈极显著正相关，株高与DBH和总叶面积（TLA）亦呈极显著正相关。结果表明，植物光合作用．光响应曲线和光能利用效率能有效地评价植物对生长环境的适应性。从树种对光能的利用、生长的优势和有较高的水分利用效率综合评价，提出了对油页岩废渣场生态恢复应用较适宜的树种有：大叶相思、木棉、刺桐、油榄仁、红胶木、海南红豆、铁刀木、雨树、红荷木和乌墨。

Abstract:

Photosynthesis-light response and growth feature were compared among 26 woody plants of over 4 years grown at the oil shale waste dump in Maonan district of Maoming city, Gnangdong Province. A remarkable difference was found in maximum net photosynthetic rate （Pmax）, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, instantaneous light utilization efficiency （ILUE）, plant height and diameter at breast height （DBH） among the tested species. According to growth and photosynthesis features, the trees were divided into 1） the fast-growing plants with the average DBH value of 9.44±2.23 cm, the average Pmax of 18.44± 1.38 μmol m^-2s^-1, ILUE of 1.11±0.68% and AQY of 0.0474±0.007 μmol CO₂ μmol^-1 quantum; 2） the moderate-growing plants with the above values of 5.09±0.90 cm, 11.54±1.01 μmol m^-2s^-1, 0.75±0.12% and 0.0406±0.004 μmol CO₂ μmol quantum, respectively; and 3） the slow-growing plants with above values dropping to 2.03 ±0.65 cm, 6.71 ±2.82 μmol m^-2s^-1 0.47±0.12 % and 0.0318±0.006 μmol CO₂ μmol^-1 quantum, respectively. The statistic analysis showed a very significantly positive relationship between ILUE and Pmax or DBH, and plant height also positively correlated with DBH and the total leaf area per plant. The results indicated that photosynthesis-light response curve and ILUE are useful to estimate the adaptation of plants to their habitat. Owning to higher ILUE, growth rates and water use efficiency, the woody species suitable for the restoration of the oil shade waste dump are as follows, Acacia auriculiformis, Bombax malabaricum, Erythrina indica, Terminalia bellirica, Tristania conferta, Ormosia pinnata, Cassia siamea, Samanea saman, Schima wallichii, Syzygium cumini.[