濒危药用植物八角莲生态生物学特征

Ecological and Biological Characteristics of Endangered Medicinal Plant Dysosma versipellis

摘要:

通过样地调查和相关资料分析，对八角莲（Dysosma versipellis）生态生物学特征的研究表明，八角莲生境群落是以热带和温带植物为主的常绿和落叶阔叶混交疏林灌丛和竹林，上层乔灌木植物多为当地优势种。适宜生长的基质土壤为黄棕壤，pH为5.40-6.59，有机质、有效N、P、K和全N、P、K养分含量高（分别为19.36％、840 mg kg^-1、46 mg kg^-1、310 mg kg^-1和9970 mg kg^-1、1217 mg kg^-1、2603 mg kg^-1）。繁殖障碍、遗传结构不利等自身因素和人类过度采挖、生境破坏等是导致八角莲濒危的主要原因。因此，其保育策略应以迁地保育和就地保育相结合，以迁地保育为主。

Abstract:

The habitats and biological characteristics of Dysosma versipellis （Hance） M. Cheng （Berberidaceae）, an endangered medicinal plant endemic to China, was investigated. Two or three sampling plots with 5 m × 5 m each were surveyed for each of the five populations. The sampling sites were distributed in five provinces, i.e. Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui. D. versipellis grows mainly under evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest or in bamboo forest. Most trees in upper layer were dominant local species. The soil was yellow brown earth, pH 5.40-6.59, with rich organic matter （19.36%）, and high available N, P, K and total N, P, K contents （840, 46, 310 mg kg^-1 and 9 970, 1 217, 2 603 mg kg^-1, respectively）. Propagation disturbance and human overexploitation cause the plant to be endangered. Ex-situ in combination with in-situ protection is thought to be a conservation strategy for this plant.