油页岩废渣场植物修复的生态效应

Ecological Effect of Phytoremediation on Oil Shale Waste Dumps

摘要:

对广东茂名页岩油工业同体废物裸露灰渣地植林18a（南排）和3-5a（北排）后的植物生长、凋落物、土壤容重、有机质、pH和植物多样性进行了对比调查和分析。结果表明，南排和北排已形成了森林环境。土壤基质已得到了改善，南排的凋落物现存量增加了1.39倍，土壤有机质增加了52.39％（0-20cm）、50%（20-40cm），土壤pH值提高了0.28个单位。南、北排林地土壤pH值分别比植林前裸地提高了0．99个单位和0.71个单位。这说明植树造林对增加土壤育机质效果明显，对提高土壤pH值则相对较慢。南排自堆放油页岩灰渣后，45a来入侵定居的野生植物有48科118属138种，其中草本植物占总种数的54％，乔木15种：北排堆放28a来，有24科63属66种植物入侵定居，其中草本种类占67％。

Abstract:

The plant’s growth, litterfall, soil bulk density, soil organic matter, pH and plant diversity were investigated in two oil shale waste dumps in Maoming, Guangdong Province. The south dump was afforested for 18 years, and the north for 3 to 5 years. The results showed that in the south dump, the standing litterfall production increased by 1.39 times, organic matter in soil at 0-20 cm depth by 52.39%, at 20-40 cm by 50%, and soil pH by 0.28 unit, as compared to the north dump. The pH in south and north dumps increased by 0.99 and 0.71 units, respectively, compared to the bare dump. The invading wild plants on the south dump amounted to 138 species in 118 genera of 48 families since oil shale waste dumping 45 years ago, and the north dump amounted to 66 species in 63 genera of 24 families since dumping 28 years ago.