甘蔗杂交后代蔗汁品质性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Quality Characters in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)Hybrid Populations

摘要:

以4×3不完全双列杂交（NCⅡ）选配的12上杂交组合后代为材料，对蔗汁锤度，旋光读数，转光度，蔗汁蔗糖分，视纯度和重力纯度等6个品质性状进行配合力和遗传力分析。结果表明，品质性状的遗传主要由基因加性效应引起，其中蔗汁锤度，旋光读数，转光度，蔗汁蔗糖分主要由父本基因加性效应引起。CP72-330、HoCP93-750、桂糖91-116和粤糖92-1287等4个亲本的品质性状一般配合力（gca）为正值且较大，是配合力较好的高糖亲本。CP72-330×桂糖91-116及HoCP93-750×粤糖92-1287的品质性状特殊配合力（sca）相对效应为正值且较大，杂交后代品质性状平均值也较高，为较好的高糖杂交组合。品质性状父本gca方差大于母本gca方差，亲本gca方差为组合sca方差的7-28倍，广义遗传力（h_B²）为58%-68%，狭义遗传力（h_N²）为56%-60%，属于遗传能力较强的品质性状。

Abstract:

The combining ability and heritability were estimated in progenies of 12 cross combinations of sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） hybridized by using a incomplete diallel cross design for four female and three male parents. Six parameters were used for the analyses of quality characters in sugarcane juice, i.e. brix （percentage of total soluble solids）, polarilneter reading （PR）, pol in juice （Pol）, sucrose content （SC）, apparent purity （AP）, and gravity purity （GP）. The results showed that the heredity of quality characters was induced mainly by additive gene effects. The changes in brix, PR, Pol and SC were affected by male parents. Parents with high sugar-yielding and good combining ability appeared in CP72-330, HoCP93-750, GT91-116 and YT92-1287 which presented high and positive general combining ability （gca）. Whereas for progenies of crosses, CP72-330×GT91-1 10 and HoCP93-750×YT92-1287 showed high and positive special combining ability （sea）. The gca variances in male parcnts were greater than those in female ones. The gca variances in parcnts were grcater and sea variances in crosses by 7 to 28 times. The heritability in broad sense （h_B²） in quality characters were from 58% to 68%, and that in narrow sense （h_N²） 56%-60%. These results indicated that the data of quality characters had better heritability.