乌毛蕨配子体发育的研究

Observation on the Gametophyte Development of Blechnum orientale

摘要:

采用混合土培养乌毛蕨（Blechnum orientale）孢子，显微镜下观察记录其孢子萌发及配子体发育过程。结果表明：孢子黑褐色，赤道而豆形，极而观椭圆形，单裂缝。播种1周左右孢子萌发，萌发类型为书带蕨型，配子体发育为叉蕨型。丝状体5—10细胞时开始发育为片状体。播种2周后发育形成幼原叶体，成熟原叶体呈心脏形。原叶体边缘及表面均可产生毛状体，数量丰富，为单细胞。播种后1个月左右开始有颈卵器出现，成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成，3—5层细胞高。精子器产，扛时间较颈卵器早10 d左右，精子器近圆球形，由3细胞组成。精卵受精后2周左右即可观察到从原叶体上生成的幼胚。

Abstract:

The spores of Blechnum orientale L. were cultured in mixed soil. The spore germination and the gametophytic development were observed under microscope. The spores are dark-brown, monolete, bean-shaped in equatorial view and elliptical in polar view. The spores germinate about one week after sowing. The germination is of Vittaria type and the gametophyte development is of Aspidium type. Prothallial plates begin to form when the filaments develop up to 5-10 cells, The young prothalli are developed in two weeks after sowing. Mature prothalli are cordate-shaped. Profuse unicellular hairs occur on the surface and margin of the prothalli. The archegonia form in one month after sowing. The archegonial neck is usually composed of four rows of cells and 3- 5 cell layers high when matured. The antheridia appear about 10 days earlier than archegonia. Antheridia are shaped like pellets consisting of three cells. Young embryos can be observed from prothalli about 2 weeks after fecundation.