黄河三角洲柽柳的开花特性及传粉生态学研究

Flowering Characteristics and Pollination Ecology in Tamarix chinensis （Tamaricaceae） in the Yellow River Delta

摘要:

野外定位观测了柽柳（Tamarix chinensis Lout．）的开花物侯、开花动态、访花者的种类、行为和访花频率，并对其繁育系统、花粉-胚珠比（P／O）、花粉活力进行了检测。结果表明，柽柳单朵花的花期仅1 d，P／O为390.9±81.0，繁育系统属于自交亲和、需要传粉者的类型。花的结构和开花式样适合以食蚜蝇为主的多种昆虫传粉。自然条件下的结实率为95.23％。柽柳的果实成熟期较短（15 d），整个居群有长达几个月的花期，开花数目众多，因此能产生人量的种子，在适宜条件下会形成大片的柽柳灌丛。

Abstract:

Flowering characteristics and pollination ecology of Tamarix chinensis were investigated in the Nature Reserve of Yellow River Delta in Shandong Province. The flowering phase and dynamics, insect visitors and their behavior and visiting frequency were observed, and the breeding system, pollen-ovule ratio （P/O） and pollen viability were determined. The results showed that T. chinensis was self-compatible requiring pollinators. Syrphid flies （Syrphus） were the most common visitors. The duration of single flower of this plant lasted only one day, the P/O was 390.9±81.0. The fruits matured within 15 days. In natural condition, the fruit setting rate reached 95.23%. The population had a flowering period of several months （from May to September）, which produced a large amount of seeds that would germinate and form a large area of Tamarix shrub.