高CO2浓度对红掌的生长和光合作用的影响

Effects of Elevated CO2 on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Anthurium andraeanum

摘要:

以开顶式塑料薄膜温室为设施，研究了红掌叶片光合速率、植株生长和光合酶活性对高CO₂浓度的响应。结果表明：处理30 d时，处理组TI（700±100 μmol CO₂ mol^-1）的株高、单叶面积、株鲜重分别比对照组（大气CO₂浓度360±30 μmol CO₂ mol^-1）增加了12.8％、2.39％、29.2％，而处理组T2（1000±100 μmol CO₂ mol^-1）的株高、单叶面积、株鲜重分别比对照增加了8.7％、1.81％、27.2％。在各自处理条件下测定的T1和T2的净光合速率分别比对照增加27.0％和33.8％，且在对照条件下测定的各处理组的净光合速率也均高于对照。处理组的气孔导度与蒸腾速率下降，但却促进了叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉积累，而叶绿素含量并没有明显变化。高浓度CO₂能促进Rubisco活性增加，而乙醇酸氧化酶活性则明显下降。

Abstract:

A nthurium andraeanum cv. Arizona was potted in three plastic greenhouses with top open. In each of the greenhouse, CO₂ was adjusted respectively to 360±30 μmol CO₂ mol^-1 （Control）, 700±100 μmol CO₂ mol^-1 （T1）,and 1 000±100 μmol CO₂ mol^-1 （T2）. Plant growth, net photosynthetic rate, activity of photosynthetic enzyme, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics were determined. The results showed that the plants grown under treatment T1 for 30 days increased in plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight by 12.8%, 2.39%, and 29.2%, respectively, and by 8.7%, 1.81% and 27.2% for treatment T2, respectively, compared to the Control. However, net photosynthetic rate （Pn） in treatments T1 and T2 measured under treatment conditions at that time were 27.0% and 33.8% higher, respectively, than those grown under the Control. Pn in T1 and T2 treatment measured in Control condition were also higher than that of the Control. Elevated CO₂ caused a marked increase in soluble sugar and starch accumulations in leaves, but significantly reduced their stomatal conductance and transpiratory rate, there is no evident difference in chlorophyll content between the Control and the treatment. In addition, elevated CO₂ had positive effect on Rubisco activity, and glycolate oxidase activity apparently decreased in leaves.