用RAPD和ISSR检测的橡胶树野生种质和栽培品种的遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity among Wild and Cultivated Accessions of Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber Tree) Detected by RAPDs and ISSRs

摘要:

用19个RAPD引物和12个ISSR引物对14份野牛橡胶树种质和我国的37份栽培品种进行了遗传多样性分析。RAPD引物共产生132条带，多态性带占88.6％，相似系数变化范围在0.432—0.947。ISSR引物其产生101条带，多态性带占87.1％，相似系数为0.505—0.941。平均基因杂合度分析表明野生种质比栽培品种具有较高的遗传多样性。根据UPGMA法对51份材料进行聚类分析，结果表明，ISSR分析中所有材料可分为2类：第一类为野生种质，第二类为栽培品种：而RAPD分析中野牛种质和栽培品种不能被分为明显的两人类。虽然ISSR和RAPD的聚类分析结果存在差异，但对两种方法进行的相关分析表明，他们之间仍存在极显著相关性，相关系数为0.574。品种PR107、热研217等一些栽培品种可以通过特异带在51份供试材料中被区分开。这些结果可以对橡胶树的育种上作起到一定的指导作用，同时RAPD和ISSR技术也是进行橡胶树品种鉴定和遗传多样性研究的有效手段。

Abstract:

In order to select suitable Hevea accessions for extending genetic base of Chinese rubber tree in future breeding schemes, the genetic diversity of 14 wild accessions and 37 cultivated clones were detected by RAPD and ISSR. Thirty-one reliable primers (19 RAPD primers and 12 ISSR primers) were chosen. Based on RAPD, a total of 132 bands were generated, polymorphic bands accounted for 88.6%, and similarity coefficient ranged from 0.432 to 0.947 among all accessions. Otherwise based on ISSR, 101 bands were produced, polymorphic bands accounted for 87.1%, and similarity coefficient was 0.505 to 0.941. The wild accessions showed higher polymorphism than cultivated clones according to the average heterozygosity. Based on ISSR, the 51 accessions were divided into 2 clusters according to unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis: Cluster Ⅰ contained 9 wild accessions and Cluster Ⅱ consisted of 37 cultivated clones and 5 wild accessions. But all of the accessions can not be divided into wild cluster and cultivated cluster according to RAPD.Some cultivated clones, i.e. PR107, Re yan 217, could be screened from 51 accessions. The significantly high correlation between RAPDs and ISSRs among 51 accessions was observed (r = 0.574), although the differences between the RAPD and ISSR dendrograms were observed. It is proven that all of the results can be used in Hevea breeding programs, and RAPD and ISSR can be used in clonal identification and diversity study of Hevea.