被子植物未受精胚珠与子房离体培养的研究进展

Progress in Studies on in vitro Culture of Unfertilized Ovules and Ovaries in Angiosperms

摘要:

介绍被子植物未受精胚珠与子房离体培养诱导单倍体植株的研究进展。迄今已有9个科21种植物用这一方法诱导出单倍体植株,植物的基因型、外植体的发育程度、接种前的预处理、培养基和培养条件等均能影响诱导率的高低。胚胎学观察揭示大孢子与胚囊内的卵细胞、助细胞和反足细胞均有可能在培养中启动分裂,通过胚状体或愈伤组织形成单倍体植株。本项技术在植物单倍体育种中可发挥重要作用。

Abstract:

Gynogenic haploids through unfertilized ovules and ovaries have been reported from 21 species in 9 families since 1976. This review includes the following subjects: induction frequency of haploids depend on genotypes, developmental stage of explants, temperature pretreatment of the explants, medium composition and the conditions of cultivation. Embryological studies reveal that megaspore and such cells as egg, synergid and antipodals in mature embryo sac initiate the division of forming haploid plants through embryogenesis or callus formation．This technique provides an optimal approach to haploid breeding．