植物监测大气污染及其抗性

Air Pollution Monitoring by Plants and Plant Resistance

摘要:

研究了在佛山市不同污染点东村和五星盆栽的30种绿化植物的叶面积、Fv/Fm、叶片细胞膜渗漏率及光合色素含量相对于清洁对照点华南植物园的差异。结果显示,大气污染条件下,绿化植物叶片的生长受到抑制,PSⅡ最大光化学效率下降,光合色素发生降解,细胞膜受到了伤害。各实验点所有植物叶面积、Fv/Fm及光合色素含量平均值均为:植物园>五星>东村,而叶片细胞膜渗漏率平均值为:植物园<五星<东村,与大气污染程度相一致。方差分析表明,上述指标中叶面积对大气污染最敏感,Fv/Fm受种间差异影响最小。受大气污染影响,各生理参数的变化具有不相关性。各项生理参数均表现出抗性的种有白桂木(Artocarpushypargyreus)、环榕(Ficusannulata)、广宁油茶(Camelliasemiserrata)；而枫香(Liquidambarformosana)为敏感种。

Abstract:

Several physiological parameters were compared including leaf area, cell membrane leakage rate, Fv/Fm and photosynthetic pigments content in leaves of 30 species of plants for urban greening, potted in two air polluted sites, Wuxing(WX) and Dongcun(DC), Foshan City, Guangdong Province, and one less polluted site at South China Botanical Garden in Guangzhou(BG) for control After growing for 3-5 months, the growth of leaves was inhibited and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ and content of photosynthetic pigments decreased in most plants at two polluted sites in comparison with the less polluted site. The average values of leaf area, Fv/Fm, and photosynthetic pigments content at each site were in the order of BG>WX>DC, while the average values of cell membrane leakage rate were in the contrary. Data analysis showed that leaf area was the most sensitive one to air pollution and Fv/Fm was slightly affected by different species. According to the tested parameters, it is concluded that Artocarpus hypargyreus, Ficus annulata and Camellia semiserrata are resistant species while Liquidambar formosana is sensitive one.