大气污染对35种园林植物生长的影响

Effects of Air Pollution on the Growth of 35 Garden Plants

摘要:

对广东省佛山市大气监测的结果表明,酸性硫化物和毒性氟化物是陶瓷工业产生的主要污染物质。采用现场盆栽试验方法,比较分析了生长在佛山市陶瓷城附近高浓度SO2和氟化物大气污染环境下的35种园林绿化植物的株高、基径、冠幅等生长指标的差异,并采用综合生长指标评价方法对参试植物进行相应的抗性分级,选出8种抗性植物(铁冬青、菩提榕、环榕、仪花、小叶榕、红花油茶、幌伞枫、白桂木),17种中等抗性植物(小叶胭脂、腊肠树、毛黄肉楠、红桂木、茶花、吊瓜、火焰木、铁力木、柳叶楠、猫尾木、灰莉、密花树、海南红豆、复羽叶栾树、灰木莲、大头茶、印度紫檀),8种敏感植物(华润楠、海南木莲、格木、日本杜英、蓝花楹、观光木、蝴蝶树、白木香、乐昌含笑、无忧树)。

Abstract:

Air monitoring data showed that acidic sulfate and toxic fluoride were the major source of pollutants from ceramic industry in Foshan city, Guangdong Province. Thirty-five garden plant species were grown in pots at two polluted sites near ceramic factories and a relatively clean site as control to measure the growth of plant height, basal diameter, crown cover, and the complex growth rate as indexes of pollution tolerance of the species. One to two-year-old seedlings incubated in pots for about 5 months of exposure to air pollutants were examined. The results indicate that all the species tested can be grouped into three types: Ⅰ. tolerant species (Ilex rotunda, Ficus religiosa, Ficus annulata, Lysidice rhodostegia, Ficus microcarpa, Camellia semiserrata, Heteropanax fragrans, Artocarpus hypargyreus)；Ⅱ. middling tolerant species (Artocarpus styracfo1ius, Cassia fistula, Actinodaphne pilosa, Artocarpus nitidus ssp. lingnanensis, Camellia japonica, Kigelia africana, Spathodea campanulata, Mesua ferrea, Machilus salicina, Dolichandrone caudafelina, Fagraea ceilanica, Myrsine seguinii Ormosia pinnata, Koelrcuteria bipinnata, Manglietia glauca, Gordonia axillaries, Pterocarpus indicus)； and Ⅲ. sensitive species (Machilus chinensis, Manglietia hainanensis, Erythrophloeum fordii, Elaeocarpus japonicus, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Heritiera parvifolia, Aquilaria sinensis, Michelia chapensis, Saraca chinensis).