大气污染对38种木本植物的伤害特征

Injury Symtoms of 38 Woody Species Exposed to Air Pollutants

摘要:

38种苗龄1-2 a生的木本植物盆栽于相对清洁区(华南植物园和2个污染点:佛山市南海区五星和佛山市禅城区东村。1 a后,根据叶片伤害程度、新叶增长率、种个体长势、翌春植株恢复状况等综合评价植物对氟化物、硫化物和酸雨组成的大气复合污染的敏感性反应。根据试验结果将供试植物对大气污染的敏感性反应分为3种类型:(1)低敏感性(抗性强),有茶花、红花油茶、傅园榕、小叶榕、桂花、环榕、菩提榕、石笔木、毛黄肉楠、幌伞枫10种。(2)中等敏感(抗性中等),有仪花、格木、吊瓜树、腊肠树、海南红豆、猫尾木、红桂木、灰莉、铁冬青、密花树、白桂木、小叶胭脂、大头茶、复羽叶栾、灰木莲、火焰木、华润楠17种。(3)高度敏感(抗性弱),有铁刀木、观光木、白木香、日本杜英、蓝花楹、蝴蝶树、印度紫檀、柳叶楠、无忧树、海南木莲、乐昌含笑11种。研究结果可为热带、南亚热带地区有类似大气污染的环境进行园林绿化,生态公益林营造提供参考。

Abstract:

One- to two-year-old seedlings of 38 woody species were potted in Wuxing (WX) and Dongcun (DC) villages near ceramic industry area in Foshan city, Guangdong Province, and in Botanical Garden in Guangzhou as control site. The experiments were carried out from June 2002 to May 2003. Injury symtoms of the leaves, leaf cast and the increment of the number of leaves, as well as the growth vigour of these species grown under air pollutants of fluoride, sulfide and acid rain were measured and compared. The results obtained from the sensitiveity of plants to the pollutants exhibited three catergories of plant species. (1) Most tolerant species include Camellia japonica, Camellia semiserrata, Ficus microcarpa var. fuyuensis, Ficus microcarpa, Osmanthus fragrans, Ficus annulata, Ficus religiosa, Tutcheria spectabilis, Actinodaphne pilosa, Heteropanax ragrans. (2) Less tolerant species are Lysidice rhodostegia, Erythrophloeum fordii, Kigelia africana, Cassia fistula, Ormosia pinnata, Manchamia cauda-felina, Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnamensis, Fagraea ceilanica, hex rotunda, Rapanea neriifolia, Artocarpus hypargyreus, Artocarpus styracifolius, Gordonia axillaris, Koelrcuteria bipinnata, Manglietia glauca, Machilus chinensis, Spathodea nilotica. (3) Most sensitive species include Mesua ferrea, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Aquilaria sinensis, Elaeocarpus japonicus, jacaranda mimosifolia, Heritiera parvifolia, Pterocarpus indicus, Machilus salicina, Saraca chinensis, Manglietia hainanensis, Michelia chapensis. The results could provide scientific basis for selection of plant species for urban forestry in the environments with similar air pollution in tropical and subtropical regions.