广东园林绿化植物对大气污染的反应及污染物在叶片的积累

Responses of Garden Greening Plants to Air Pollution in Guangdong Province and the Accumulation of Pollutants in Leaves

摘要:

根据盆栽试验植物生长参数(株高、基径、冠幅、叶面积、新叶增长率和叶片脱落率),生理特性(包括净光合速率、叶绿素荧光特性,叶细胞膜渗漏率和叶绿素含量),植物伤害状况,以及长期生长在野外污染环境中的植物生长及受害状况,评价了125种木本植物对空气污染敏感性的反应。被评价的植物其生长环境为酸雨、硫化物、氟化物和粉尘复合污染的工业点,交通繁忙点和居民点。被评价植物对大气污染的敏感性反应分为3类:1.抗性强有35种；2.抗性中等有41种；3.最敏感(抗性弱)有49种。同时还分析了48种植物叶片中S、F、Pb的累积量。研究结果可为中国热带南亚热带相似大气环境地区建立城市植被和生态公益林提供植物种选择的依据。

Abstract:

One hundred and twenty-five woody plant species (including infraspecific taxa) grown in pots and in the wild were investigated to evaluate their sensitivity responses to air pollution in Foshan and Guangzhou. The investigations were based on the differences of plant growth parameters (plant height, basal diameter, crown area, leaf area, number of new leaves increased and leaf cast), physiological characters (including net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence characters, leaf cell membrance leakage rate and chlorophyll content) and plant injury tolerance. All the plants studied were exposed to polluted environments with combined pollutants such as acid rain, sulphide, fluoride and dust in industrial area, heavy traffic density area and residential site. As results all the plants were classified into three categories: (1) most tolerant species (35 species); (2) less tolerant (41 species); (3) most sensitive (49 species). The accumulation level of S, F and Pb in leaves of 48 species were also determined. A list of garden plants concerning sensitivity response to pollutants is given. The results can provide useful information for urban greening in similar atmospheric environments.