高浓度二氧化碳对植物影响的研究进展

Progress in Studies on Plant Responses to Elevated CO2

摘要:

工业革命后全球大气CO₂浓度持续上升,不仅对全球气候的变迁产生重大影响,而且对植物的形态、水分利用、蛋白质合成、光合、抗性、生长及生物量等都有不同程度的影响。高浓度CO₂促进植物根、幼苗的生长,叶片增厚,降低气孔密度、气孔导度及蒸腾速率,增加水分利用效率、作物的产量及生物量,促进乙烯生物合成,增强植物的抗氧化能力。不同光合途径(C₃、C₄及CAM)及不同植被类型的植物对高浓度CO₂的响应不同。长期和短期的高浓度CO₂处理,植物响应方式有很大的差异,如短期高CO₂处理使光合能力增强,而长期处理则使光合能力下调。

Abstract:

Recent studies on plant responses to elevated CO₂ is reviewed. Increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration affects not only global climate but also plant morphology, water use, protein synthesis, photosynthesis, resistance, growth, biomass and so on. Elevated CO₂ has effects of promoting the growth of plant roots and seedlings, making the leaf thick, lowering the stomatal density, stomatal conductance and transpiration, enhancing the water use efficiency, crop yield and biomass, intensifying the biosynthesis of ethylene and antioxygen competence. High CO₂ concentration together with other environmental factors affect plants. Plants with different photosynthetic pathways (C₃, C₄ and CAM) and different vegetation types (natural and artificial vegetation) exhibite different responses to high CO₂ concentration. Short-term exposure to elevated CO₂ enhances photosynthesis while long-term inhibits. Experimental conditions such as air pressure, temperature, water availability, nutrition status, oxygen, light intensity even growth space also have great effect on the results of the experiments.