高静水压诱导水稻变异的初步研究

Preliminary Study of Rice Mutants Induced by High Hydrostatic Pressure

摘要:

以高静水压处理水稻粤香占、粤丰占、998、999和毕粳38种子后的当代群体(M₁),以及从中筛选到的突变株粤变长、巨无霸、粤丰压变1号-5号、毕籼为材料,研究了静水高压对水稻生长发育及其农艺性状的影响,结果发现:(1)与对照相比,粤香占和998处理当代群体的株高和有效穗数明显增加,但株叶形态没有明显变化；粤丰占、999和毕粳38的处理群体没有明显变化；(2)粤变长和巨无霸从第二代(M₂)到第四代(M4)性状稳定,未发现明显分离,但在株高、有效穗数、穗粒数、粒长和千粒重等方面,与对照相比明显不同；(3)在M₃代,粤丰压变1号-5号中除粤丰压变2号外的株高都发生了分离,而且粤丰压变4号分离出了大粒型和长芒型的植株；(4)毕籼从M₂代到M₄代,性状稳定,但其株高、穗长、粒长和穗粒数均比对照显著增加,结实率和千粒重则明显降低；(5)经静水高压处理后的粤丰占种子发芽试验中,出现了双苗和3苗现象。这些结果表明静水高压能够影响水稻的生长发育,并能诱导水稻产生变异。

Abstract:

Indica rice (Oryza saliva L.) varieties Yuexiangzhan, Yuefengzhan and Japonica rice (Oryza saliva L.) 998, 999, Bijing 38, which were treated by high hydrostatic pressure, as well as their mutants (Yuebianchang, Juwuba, Yuefengyabian 1 to 5, and Bixian), were used to study the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the growth and agronomic traits of rice. The seeds of all varieties were soaked for 10 h at room temperate, then treated under 75 MPa for 12 h after the seeds germinated. The results showed that the plant height, panicle number of M₁ population of Yuexiangzhan and 998 increased obviously compared with the control, but no marked difference was observed in traits of Yuefengzhan, 999, and Bijing 38. Many traits including plant height, panicle number, grain number per panicle, grain length and 1 000-grain weight of Yuebianchang and Juwuba from M₂ to M₄ were different from the control, and all of the traits among M₂, M₃ and M₄ were stable. Plant height was segregated in M₃ population of Yuefengyabian 1 to 5 except Yuefengyabian 2. Some mutants with larger grain and/or longer awn were found in M₄ population of Yuefengyabian 4. Plant height, panicle length, grain length and grain number per panicle increased significantly in M₂ to M₄ of Bixian compared with Bijing 38, but seed setting percentage and 1000-grain weight obviously decreased. Twin or trine seedlings were observed from one seed when the treated seed of Yuefengzhan germinated in plate. This results indicate that high hydrostatic pressure not only influences rice growth and development, but also induces mutation.