中国小煤炱目生态及区系成分分析

Ecological and Floristic Analyses of Meliolales (Fungi) in China

摘要:

对中国小煤炱目的种类组成、生态分布及寄主和区系地理成分进行了研究。中国小煤炱目有7属,341种和变种,占世界的15％;优势属是小煤炱属（239种和变种,占70.1％）,小光壳炱属（54种和变种,占15.8％）和附丝壳属（22种和变种,6.4％）。中国小煤炱目主要分布在热带亚热带地区,76.8％的寄主植物属属于热带成分。种的分布型可分为广布成分（0.3％）、泛热带成分（7.3％）、热带亚洲-热带美洲成分（9.1％）、旧世界热带成分（0.3％）、热带亚洲-热带大洋洲成分（2.1％）、热带亚洲-热带非洲成分（16.1％）、热带亚洲成分（34％）、北温带成分（0.6％）、东亚-北美洲成分（0.3％）、东亚成分（1.7％）、中国特有成分（28.2％）等11种类型;表现出明显的热带成分（68.9％）和中国特有成分;在分布上,与东亚、北温带区系相距较远。

Abstract:

Species diversity, ecological distribution, hosts and floristic elements of Meliolales in China were studied. 341 species and varieties (comprising 15% of the world species), belonging to 7 genera were reported. Among them, dominant genera are Melioln (239 species and varieties), Asteridella (54) and Appendicidella (22). Species of Meliolales in China are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical areas, and 76.8% of the host plants are of tropical elements. Geographical elements of Meliolales speciesin China can be included in 11 areal types, viz.cosmopolitan elements (0.3%), pantropical (7.3%), tropical Asia and tropical America (9.1%), Old World tropical (0.3%), tropical Asia and tropical Africa (16.1%), tropical Asia (34.0%), north temperate (0.6%),East Asia and North America (0.3%),East Asia (1.7%), Endemic to China (28.2%). Thus, tropical elements of mycoflora in China comprise 68.9% of the total, and edemic to China species amount to 28.2%. The distribution of genera of Meliolales in China, and the numbers of species or varieties parasitized on what host plant families is tabulated.