梧桐科植物的地理分布

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF STERCULIACEAE

摘要:

梧桐科植物全世界有60属约1546种，主要分布在热带和亚热带地区，只有少数种类可分布至温带地区，由于梧桐科是多型的科，科的范围较大，对有些属是否应隶属于该科，国内外学者的意见很不一致。本文基本上按照J.Hutchinson系统和参考有关文献对一些属的分类位置作了调整，把梧桐科分为12族，根据A.Takhtajan的世界植物区系区划的原则，将梧桐植物在世界上的分布区，划分为6区8亚区23地区，并指出各属在中国各省区的地理分布，现在中国梧桐科植物连引种栽培的在内共有25属99种7变种，其中野生的有18属85种7变种，引种栽培的有8属14种，对梧桐科植物的起源和发展作了一些探讨。

Abstract:

Sterculiaceous plants in the world are estimated to be 1 546 species in 60 genera, which distribute mainly in the tropics and subtropics with a few in temperate regions. Sterculiaceae is a large and multiform family, and the attribution of some genera has still no identical views. Based on J. Hutchinson's system and some references, an adjustment of the position of some genera in the family has been made, and 12 tribes in the family are classified. The distribution of Sterculiaceae plants in the world is included in 6 kingdoms with 23 regions，based on Takhtajan’s floristic regions．In this paper 99 species with 7 varieties in 25 genera of Stercul iaceae in China， including 85 wild species with 7 varieties in 18 genera and 14 cultivated species in 8 genera are considered． Main characters of the l2 tribes and the distribution of genera are described．The authers suggest that Stercnllaceae originated before Cretaceus period，i.e．before the separation of Gondwana， because fossil plants had been found in Africa ，Europe ，Asia and America．According to the modern distribution pattern of Stercnliaceae，many genera till now distribute in Madagascar and tropical Africa which are endemic，and the mole primitive tribe ，Dembeyeae，mainly distributes here．It is suggested that Madagascar and tropical Africa might be the origin of Sterculiaceae from where expanded to Eurasia，Australia and America． A distribution map of Sterculiaceae in the world is given The genera with the number of species grown in 23 provinces and regions of China are tabulated．