九翅豆蔻种子的解剖学和组织化学研究

ANATOMY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THESEEDS OF AMOMUM MAXIMUM

摘要:

九翅豆蔻种子包括假种皮、种皮、外胚乳、内胚乳和胚．由外珠被发育而来的种皮可划分为外种皮、中种皮和内种皮．外种皮由一层表皮细胞构成，其壁增厚并略木质化．中种皮包括下皮层、油细胞层和含２—５层细胞的色素层；各为一层薄壁细胞的下皮层与油细胞层非常压扁．内种皮由一层石细胞构成，极厚，占种皮厚度的１／３—２／３，是种皮主要的机械层；内种皮整体外观呈波浪形，在珠孔端和合点端的内种皮除外．种子在珠孔端分化出珠孔领和孔盖，在合点端分化出下皮细胞垫、大型薄壁细胞区、维管束和合点端色素细胞区．外胚乳细胞内充满淀粉，内胚乳细胞含有大量蛋白质和多糖，胚细胞含有蛋白质、多糖和脂类物质．脂类物质不存在于油细胞中，而存在于胚细胞、部分假种皮细胞、外种皮细胞和内胚乳最外层细胞中．建议将油细胞（层）改称为半透明细胞（层）．

Abstract:

The seed of Amomum maximum Roxb. comprises aril, seed coat, perisperm,endospermand embryo.The seed coat formed from outer integument can be divided into exotesta,mesotesta and endotesta. Exotesta contains only one layer of epidermal cells withthickening and lightly lignified cell wall.The mesotesta includes hypodermis,oil cell layerand pigment layer which consists of 2-5 layers of cells. Hypodermis and oil cell layer arerespectively composed of only one layer of greatly compressed cells.The endotesta consisted ofone layer of sclerotic coils, the principal mechanical layer,is extremely thick, and nearlyoccupies one to two third of the total thickness of the seed coat.The appearance of outline of the endotesta looks like wave-shaped, except that of parts' outline of endotesta atmicropylar and chalazal ends.A micropylar collar, an operculum and a parenchymaticpart are differentiated at micropylar end. A hypodermal cell pad,large parenchyma cellgroup,vascular bundle and pigment cell group are differentiated at chalazal end.The cellso f perisperm are full of starch grains, and the cells of endosperm,except cells of its outermost layer,are abundent in proteins and polysaccharides. Cells of embryo contain pro teins,polysaccharides and lipids.Lipid is absent in oil cells,but present in embryo cells,in cells of aril adjacent to epidermis, in exotesta cells and in cells of the outer most layerof the endosperm.Because the oil cells are without lipid, they can not be called 'oil cell'anymore.The term'translucent cell' is suggested to use here instead of 'oil cell'.