金粟兰科的起源、分化和地理分布研究

THE ORIGIN, DIFFERENTIATION AND GEOGRAPHYOF CHLORANTHACEAE

摘要:

本文讨论了金粟兰科的系统位置和分类系统，并在较详尽地研究其现代地理分布的基础上，结合古植物学等方面的资料，探讨了金粟兰科的现代分布中心及其起源、分化和可能的散布途径，结果如下：１．金粟兰科应独立成目，处于胡椒目与樟目之间；本科４属处于同一进化水平．２．金粟兰科分布于南美、中美、马达加斯加、东亚、热带亚洲、太平洋岛屿及新西兰，属于热带美洲、亚洲、马达加斯加地区、大洋洲和太平岛屿间断分布科，现代分布中心在马来西亚植物区；中国的金粟兰科植物主要分布于长江以南地区，为金粟兰科种类的分化中心之一．３．通过化石证据推测，在白垩纪中晚期，金粟兰科祖先有较广泛的地理分布，其起源地可能在早白垩纪的环大西洋地区，即冈瓦纳古陆西北部和劳亚古陆西南部．起源时间应不晚于白垩纪的巴勒姆期．

Abstract:

The Chloranthaceae comprises about 68 species in four gerera,viz.Sarcandra,Chloranthus, Ascarina and Hedyosmum. Its systematic position, classification, presentdistribution, fossil records and their morphological characters are discussed. The followingconclusions have been reached: a. the establishment of the monotypic order Chloranthales isreasonable; b. the four genera of Chloranthaceae are at the same evolutionary level, c. theMalaysian region is the present distribution centre of Chloranthaceae;d.the origin of thefamily is suggested to be NW.Gondwanaland and SW.Laurasia; e.the time of origin ofthe Chloranthaceae may not be later than Barremian of the Cretaceous.